Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Mar;34(3):805-814. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202303.011.
Tea plantations are an important NO source. Fertilizer-induced NO emission factors of tea plantations are much higher than other upland agricultural ecosystems. According to the basic information on characteristics and knowledge of NO emissions from tea plantations around the world, we comprehensively reviewed NO emission characteristics, production process, influencing factors, and reduction measures from tea plantations. The global means of ambient NO emission and NO emission stimulated by nitrogen fertilizer application from tea plantations were (2.68±2.92) kg N·hm and (11.29±9.45) kg N·hm, respectively. The fertilizer-induced NO emission factor in tea plantations (2.2%±2.1%) was much higher than the IPCC-estimated NO emission factor for agricultural land (1%). NO emission from tea plantation soil (a typical acid soil) were mainly produced during nitrification and denitrification, with denitrification being dominant. NO emission from tea plantations were significantly related to the amount of fertilizer application. Other factors, such as fertilizer type, could also affect soil NO emissions in tea plantations. The main reduction methods of NO emission from tea plantations included optimizing the amount and type of fertilizer, amending biochar, and rationally using nitrification inhibitors. In future, we should strengthen observations of soil NO emission from tea plantations at both temporal and spatial scales, combine lab incubation and field studies to elucidate the mechanisms underling tea plantation soil NO emissions, and use a data-model fusion approach to reduce uncertainties in the estimation of global NO emission. These would provide theoretical support and practical guidance for reasonable NO emission reduction in tea plantations.
茶园是一个重要的氮氧化物（NO）源。施肥引起的茶园 NO 排放因子远高于其他旱地农业生态系统。根据全球茶园 NO 排放特征、知识的基本信息，我们综合回顾了茶园 NO 排放特征、生产过程、影响因素和减排措施。全球茶园环境 NO 排放和氮肥应用刺激的 NO 排放的平均值分别为（2.68±2.92）kg N·hm 和（11.29±9.45）kg N·hm。茶园的施肥诱导 NO 排放因子（2.2%±2.1%）远高于政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）估计的农业用地 NO 排放因子（1%）。茶园土壤（典型的酸性土壤）的 NO 排放主要是在硝化和反硝化过程中产生的，其中反硝化占主导地位。茶园 NO 排放与施肥量密切相关。其他因素，如肥料类型，也会影响茶园土壤中的 NO 排放。茶园 NO 减排的主要方法包括优化肥料的用量和类型、添加生物炭以及合理使用硝化抑制剂。未来，我们应该加强茶园土壤 NO 排放的时空尺度观测，结合实验室培养和田间研究阐明茶园土壤 NO 排放的机制，并采用数据-模型融合的方法减少全球 NO 排放估算中的不确定性。这将为合理减排茶园 NO 排放提供理论支持和实践指导。
