Bai Dan-Dan, Xiao Wei-Hua
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2023 Apr 25;75(2):291-302.
Branched chain amino acids, as essential amino acids, can be used to synthesize nitrogen-containing compounds and also act as signal molecules to regulate substance metabolism. Studies have shown that the elevated level of branched chain amino acids is closely related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It can affect insulin signal transduction by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, and regulate insulin resistance by damaging lipid metabolism and affecting mitochondrial function. In addition, abnormal catabolism of branched amino acids can lead to the accumulation of metabolic intermediates, such as branched chain α-keto acids, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate and β-aminoisobutyric acid. Branched chain α-keto acids and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate can induce insulin resistance by affecting insulin signaling pathway and damaging lipid metabolism. β-aminoisobutyric acid can improve insulin resistance by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory reaction and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. This paper systematically reviewed the regulatory effects and mechanisms of branched chain amino acids and their metabolic intermediates on insulin resistance, which will provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
支链氨基酸作为必需氨基酸，可用于合成含氮化合物，还可作为信号分子调节物质代谢。研究表明，支链氨基酸水平升高与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病密切相关。它可通过激活雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路影响胰岛素信号转导，并通过损害脂质代谢和影响线粒体功能来调节胰岛素抵抗。此外，支链氨基酸的异常分解代谢可导致代谢中间体的积累，如支链α-酮酸、3-羟基异丁酸和β-氨基异丁酸。支链α-酮酸和3-羟基异丁酸可通过影响胰岛素信号通路和损害脂质代谢来诱导胰岛素抵抗。β-氨基异丁酸可通过减少脂质积累和炎症反应以及增强脂肪酸氧化来改善胰岛素抵抗。本文系统综述了支链氨基酸及其代谢中间体对胰岛素抵抗的调节作用及机制，为胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的防治提供新方向。
