Zhai Haiting, Wei Hongwen, Xia Jixiang, Wang Wei
School of Basic Sciences for Aviation, Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China.
School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Apr 6;10:1049248. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1049248. eCollection 2023.
To systematically evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) on muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy in elderly cancer patients, and to provide dose-response relationships of RT variables that could improve muscle strength and morphology in elderly cancer patients.
The Review Manager 5.3 was applied to analyze the 12 literatures (616 participants) through random or fixed effects model and global effect size to examine upper limb strength, lower extremity strength, and muscle hypertrophy. Sub-group analysis was made on five variables: the total number of repeated training times/week, load intensity, exercise frequency/week, exercise duration and gender. This study also examines the heterogeneity and publication bias.
Twelve literatures (616 participants, 60-80 years) were included in meta-analysis. RT significantly increased the upper limb muscular strength (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.10-0.93; = 2.41; = 0.02) and lower extremity strength (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28-0.67; = 4.82; < 0.00001), but had no significant effect on muscle morphology(SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42; = 1.88; = 0.06). In subgroup analysis for lower extremity muscle strength in elderly male cancer patients, it was found that male intensity of 70-90%1RM, volume of 400-500 times per week, frequencies of 3 times per week, and session of 12-24 weeks, revealed the greatest effect. Funnel plot of the three studies shows that the results were reliable, and no publication bias was found.
RT had medium effects on improving muscle strength in elderly cancer patients, but it is not effective in improving muscle hypertrophy. In addition, when RT is performed, different training protocols can have an effect on the growth of muscle strength. Therefore, a lower extremity training protocol with a training intensity of 70-90% 1RM, a total of 400-500 repetitions per week, 3 times per week, and an exercise session of 12-24 weeks is most effective in improving lower extremity strength in elderly male cancer patients.
系统评价抗阻训练（RT）对老年癌症患者肌肉力量和肌肉肥大的影响，并提供可改善老年癌症患者肌肉力量和形态的RT变量的剂量反应关系。
应用Review Manager 5.3通过随机或固定效应模型及总体效应量分析12篇文献（616名参与者），以检验上肢力量、下肢力量和肌肉肥大情况。对每周重复训练总次数、负荷强度、每周锻炼频率、锻炼时长和性别这五个变量进行亚组分析。本研究还检验了异质性和发表偏倚。
12篇文献（616名参与者，年龄60 - 80岁）纳入荟萃分析。RT显著增加了上肢肌肉力量（标准化均数差[SMD]=0.51，95%可信区间[CI]：0.10 - 0.93；Z = 2.41；P = 0.02）和下肢力量（SMD = 0.48，95% CI：0.28 - 0.67；Z = 4.82；P < 0.00001），但对肌肉形态无显著影响（SMD = 0.21，95% CI：0.01 - 0.42；Z = 1.88；P = 0.06）。在老年男性癌症患者下肢肌肉力量的亚组分析中发现，强度为70 - 90%1RM、每周训练量为400 - 500次、每周锻炼频率为3次、锻炼疗程为12 - 24周时效果最佳。三项研究的漏斗图显示结果可靠，未发现发表偏倚。
RT对改善老年癌症患者肌肉力量有中等效果，但对改善肌肉肥大无效。此外，进行RT时，不同的训练方案会对肌肉力量增长产生影响。因此，训练强度为70 - 90%1RM、每周总共400 - 500次重复、每周3次、锻炼疗程为12 - 24周的下肢训练方案对改善老年男性癌症患者下肢力量最有效。
