Yoshitake Saeka, Kusama Yoshiki, Ito Kenta, Kuroda Hiroyuki, Yamaji Muneyasu, Ishitani Kento, Ito Yusuke, Kamimura Katsunori, Maihara Toshiro
Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Medical Center, Amagasaki, JPN.
Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, JPN.
Cureus. 2023 Mar 21;15(3):e36494. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36494. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Background The incidence of severe bacterial infections (SBIs) in infants aged ≤90 days is thought to have decreased because of widespread vaccination programs. However, relevant epidemiological data in Japan are scarce. Materials and methods This observational, single-center study investigated the epidemiology of fever in infants aged ≤90 days. SBI was defined as the presence of meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or bacteremia. Invasive bacterial infection (IBI) was defined as the presence of meningitis, bacteremic UTI, or bacteremia. We determined the incidence of UTIs, bacteremia, meningitis, SBIs, and IBIs in the following three age groups: 0-28, 29-60, and 61-90 days. We subsequently calculated the relative incidence for the groups aged 29-60 and 61-90 days, using the group aged 0-28 days as the reference group. Results Herein, 58, 124, and 166 infants were included in the 0-28 days, 29-60 days, and 61-90 days age groups, respectively. Of the total number of patients, 15.5%, 8.9%, and 16.9% in the 0-28 days, 29-60 days, and 61-90 days age groups, respectively, were diagnosed with SBI. The relative incidences were 1 for the 0-28 days group (reference group), 0.67 for the 29-60 days group (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.15), and 1.08 for the 61-90 days group (95% CI, 0.58-2.00). Of the total number of patients, 10.3%, 3.2%, and 0.6% in the 0-28 days, 29-60 days, and 61-90 days age groups, respectively, were diagnosed with IBI. Relative incidences were 1 (reference group), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29-0.88), and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.19-0.41) for the 0-28 days, 29-60 days, and 61-90 days age groups, respectively. All cases of IBI were caused by Group B streptococcus (GBS), except for two cases of bacteremia, which were caused by . Conclusion The incidence of SBI was similar in the 0-28 days and 61-90 days age groups. However, the incidence of IBI decreased with increasing age. The incidence of UTIs was highest in the 61-90 days age group, and that of meningitis and bacteremia decreased with increasing age.
背景 由于广泛的疫苗接种计划，人们认为90日龄及以下婴儿的严重细菌感染（SBI）发病率有所下降。然而，日本的相关流行病学数据却很匮乏。材料与方法 这项观察性单中心研究调查了90日龄及以下婴儿发热的流行病学情况。SBI被定义为存在脑膜炎、尿路感染（UTI）或菌血症。侵袭性细菌感染（IBI）被定义为存在脑膜炎、菌血症性UTI或菌血症。我们确定了以下三个年龄组（0 - 28天、29 - 60天和61 - 90天）的UTI、菌血症、脑膜炎、SBI和IBI的发病率。随后，我们以0 - 28天年龄组作为参照组，计算了29 - 60天和61 - 90天年龄组的相对发病率。结果 在此研究中，0 - 28天、29 - 60天和61 - 90天年龄组分别纳入了58例、124例和166例婴儿。在0 - 28天、29 - 60天和61 - 90天年龄组中，分别有15.5%、8.9%和16.9%的患者被诊断为SBI。0 - 28天年龄组（参照组）的相对发病率为1，29 - 60天年龄组为0.67（95%置信区间[CI]，0.39 - 1.15），61 - 90天年龄组为1.08（95% CI，0.58 - 2.00）。在0 - 28天、29 - 60天和61 - 90天年龄组中，分别有10.3%、3.2%和0.6%的患者被诊断为IBI。0 - 28天、29 - 60天和61 - 90天年龄组的相对发病率分别为1（参照组）、0.50（95% CI，0.29 - 0.88）和0.28（95% CI，0.19 - 0.41）。除两例菌血症由……引起外，所有IBI病例均由B族链球菌（GBS）引起。结论 0 - 28天和61 - 90天年龄组的SBI发病率相似。然而，IBI发病率随年龄增长而降低。UTI发病率在61 - 90天年龄组最高，脑膜炎和菌血症发病率随年龄增长而降低。
