College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.
College of Forest, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Jul;42(7):1485-1500. doi: 10.1002/etc.5641. Epub 2023 May 24.
Roadside soils are regarded as a reservoir for heavy metal pollution, which potentially leads to ecosystem deterioration as well as serious hazard to human health. A comprehensive investigation was conducted for the levels, relationship with soil properties, and potential sources of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in roadside soils in six cities (Changzhi, Jincheng, Yuncheng, Linfen, Xinzhou, Datong) of Shanxi Province; and the corresponding ecological risk and human health risk associated with the concentrations of heavy metals were addressed. Heavy metal concentrations of 112 roadside soil samples in the surveyed cities were, in decreasing order, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg, which were higher than corresponding background values. The highest concentrations were in Changzhi. The results of Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that positive correlations in varying degrees existed between soil properties such as electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon with specific heavy metals and that negative correlations were observed for clay and electrical conductivity. Anthropogenic sources related to traffic emissions and industrialization were the main sources of heavy metals in roadside soils according to principal component analysis. The ecological risk assessments were achieved by pollution index and potential risk index, indicating that contamination with Hg was the most serious, which posed the highest risk to the ecosystems in the surveyed cities; and the ecological risk in Changzhi ranked at the top compared with other cities. For the human health risk assessment, the results demonstrated that the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were in the acceptable range in the surveyed cities. However, there was a higher health risk from heavy metal exposure for children than adults, and the main exposure pathway was soil ingestion. In addition, Changzhi was the city with the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and the main human health risks were posed by Cr contamination in roadside soil, which was different from the results of ecological risks. Both results of ecological and health risk assessment demonstrated that the higher risk exhibited in southern and southeastern cities than northern cities in Shanxi Province. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1485-1500. © 2023 SETAC.
道路边土壤被视为重金属污染的储库，可能导致生态系统恶化，并对人类健康造成严重危害。本研究对山西省长治市、晋城市、运城市、临汾市、忻州市和大同市 6 个城市道路边土壤中重金属（Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 和 Cr）的含量、与土壤性质的关系及潜在来源进行了综合调查，并对重金属浓度相关的生态风险和人体健康风险进行了评估。在所调查城市的 112 个道路边土壤样本中，重金属浓度从高到低依次为 Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd 和 Hg，均高于相应的背景值。其中，长治市的重金属浓度最高。Pearson 相关分析结果表明，土壤电导率、全氮、全磷和总有机碳等土壤性质与特定重金属之间存在不同程度的正相关关系，而粘土和电导率与重金属之间呈负相关关系。主成分分析结果表明，与交通排放和工业化相关的人为源是道路边土壤中重金属的主要来源。污染指数和潜在风险指数的生态风险评估结果表明，Hg 的污染最严重，对调查城市的生态系统构成了最高风险；与其他城市相比，长治市的生态风险最高。对于人体健康风险评估，结果表明，在所调查城市，非致癌和致癌风险均处于可接受范围。然而，儿童比成年人面临更高的重金属暴露健康风险，主要暴露途径是土壤摄入。此外，长治市是具有最高非致癌和致癌风险的城市，道路边土壤中 Cr 污染造成的主要人体健康风险与生态风险的结果不同。生态和健康风险评估的结果均表明，山西省南部和东南部城市的风险高于北部城市。Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1485-1500. © 2023 SETAC.
