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直接支持专业人员对使用技术帮助支持自闭症谱系障碍成年人的看法:混合方法研究。

Direct Support Professionals' Perspectives on Using Technology to Help Support Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mixed Methods Study.

作者信息

Simmons Christina A, Moretti Abigail E, Lobo Andrea F, Tremoulet Patrice D

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States.

Department of Computer Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States.

出版信息

JMIR Form Res. 2023 Apr 25;7:e40722. doi: 10.2196/40722.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Documentation is a critical responsibility for direct support professionals (DSPs) who work with adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, it contributes significantly to their workload. Targeted efforts must be made to mitigate the burden of necessary data collection and documentation, which contributes to high DSP turnover rates and poor job satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE

This mixed methods study aimed to explore how technology could assist DSPs who work with adults with ASD and prioritize aspects of technology that would be most useful for future development efforts.

METHODS

In the first study, 15 DSPs who worked with adults with ASD participated in 1 of the 3 online focus groups. The topics included daily tasks, factors that would influence the adoption of technology, and how DSPs would like to interact with technologies to provide information about their clients. Responses were thematically analyzed across focus groups and ranked by salience. In the second study, 153 DSPs across the United States rated the usefulness of technology features and data entry methods and provided qualitative responses on their concerns regarding the use of technology for data collection and documentation. Quantitative responses were ranked based on their usefulness across participants, and rank-order correlations were calculated between different work settings and age groups. The qualitative responses were thematically analyzed.

RESULTS

In study 1, participants described difficulties with paper-and-pencil data collection, noted benefits and concerns about using technology instead, identified benefits and concerns about particular technology features, and specified work-environment factors that impact data collection. In study 2, participants rated multiple features of technology as useful, with the highest usefulness percentages endorsed for task views (ie, by shift, client, and DSP), logging completed tasks, and setting reminders for specific tasks. Participants also rated most data entry methods (eg, typing on a phone or tablet, typing on a keyboard, and choosing from options on a touch screen) as useful. Rank-order correlations indicated that the usefulness of technology features and data entry methods differed across work settings and age groups. Across both studies, DSPs cited some concerns with technology, such as confidentiality, reliability and accuracy, complexity and efficiency, and data loss from technology failure.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding the challenges faced by DSPs who work with adults with ASD, and their thoughts about using technology to meet those challenges, represents an essential first step toward developing technology solutions that can increase DSPs' effectiveness and job satisfaction. The survey results indicate that technology innovations should incorporate multiple features to account for different needs across DSPs, settings, and age groups. Future research should explore barriers to adopting data collection and documentation tools and elicit input from agency directors, families, and others interested in reviewing data about adults with ASD.

摘要

背景

对于与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)成年患者打交道的直接支持专业人员(DSP)来说,记录是一项至关重要的职责;然而,这给他们的工作量带来了很大负担。必须有针对性地努力减轻必要的数据收集和记录负担,因为这导致了DSP的高离职率和低工作满意度。

目的

这项混合方法研究旨在探索技术如何帮助与ASD成年患者打交道的DSP,并确定对未来开发工作最有用的技术方面。

方法

在第一项研究中,15名与ASD成年患者打交道的DSP参加了3个在线焦点小组中的1个。主题包括日常任务、影响技术采用的因素,以及DSP希望如何与技术互动以提供有关其客户的信息。对焦点小组的回答进行主题分析,并按突出程度进行排名。在第二项研究中,美国各地的153名DSP对技术功能和数据输入方法的有用性进行了评分,并就他们对使用技术进行数据收集和记录的担忧提供了定性回答。定量回答根据其在参与者中的有用性进行排名,并计算不同工作环境和年龄组之间的等级相关。对定性回答进行主题分析。

结果

在研究1中,参与者描述了纸笔数据收集的困难,指出了使用技术的好处和担忧,确定了对特定技术功能的好处和担忧,并指出了影响数据收集的工作环境因素。在研究2中,参与者将多种技术功能评为有用,任务视图(即按班次、客户和DSP)、记录已完成任务以及为特定任务设置提醒的有用性百分比最高。参与者还将大多数数据输入方法(如在手机或平板电脑上打字、在键盘上打字以及从触摸屏上的选项中选择)评为有用。等级相关表明,技术功能和数据输入方法的有用性在不同工作环境和年龄组中有所不同。在两项研究中,DSP都提到了对技术的一些担忧,如保密性、可靠性和准确性、复杂性和效率,以及技术故障导致的数据丢失。

结论

了解与ASD成年患者打交道的DSP所面临的挑战,以及他们对使用技术应对这些挑战的想法,是开发能够提高DSP效率和工作满意度的技术解决方案的重要第一步。调查结果表明,技术创新应纳入多种功能,以满足不同DSP、工作环境和年龄组的不同需求。未来的研究应探索采用数据收集和记录工具的障碍,并征求机构主管、家庭以及其他有兴趣审查ASD成年患者数据的人的意见。

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