Exponent, Inc, 1150 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Exponent, Inc, 23445 North 19th Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85027, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Jul;187:107033. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107033. Epub 2023 Apr 24.
Mobile phone apps and operating systems are increasingly adopting driving mode functions that attempt to reduce driver visual and cognitive demand by limiting functionality, using larger buttons and icons, and adding voice-based interactions. The present study assessed the visual and cognitive demands and the subjective level of distraction from two driving mode implementations (voice or manual) on an Android™ mobile phone using Google Assistant™, compared to a typical mobile phone operating system experience. While driving on a test track, participants performed several trials of five tasks on each of three interfaces: A mobile operating system interface, a manual driving mode interface, and a voice driving mode interface. Visual demand was measured with eye-gaze recordings, cognitive load was measured with the detection response task, and a Likert scale was used to rate the perceived level of distraction. The voice driving mode resulted in the lowest visual attention demand and lowest subjective ratings of distraction. The manual driving mode condition also reduced visual demand and subjective ratings of distraction relative to the mobile operating system condition. The cognitive load results were inconsistent across the task and interaction mode conditions. Overall, the results of this study provide positive evidence in support of voice-based driving mode implementations for reducing visual demand and subjective levels of distraction from mobile devices while driving. Moreover, the results suggest that manual driving mode implementations also have the potential to reduce visual demand and subjective levels of distraction, relative to the mobile operating system condition.
手机应用程序和操作系统越来越多地采用驾驶模式功能，通过限制功能、使用更大的按钮和图标以及添加基于语音的交互，试图降低驾驶员的视觉和认知需求。本研究评估了两种驾驶模式实现（语音或手动）在 Android™手机上使用 Google Assistant™与典型移动操作系统体验相比对视觉和认知需求以及驾驶员分心程度的影响。在测试轨道上驾驶时，参与者在三个界面（移动操作系统界面、手动驾驶模式界面和语音驾驶模式界面）的每个界面上执行了五次任务的几次试验。使用眼动记录测量视觉需求，使用检测响应任务测量认知负荷，使用李克特量表评估感知到的分心程度。语音驾驶模式导致最低的视觉注意力需求和最低的主观分心评级。与移动操作系统条件相比，手动驾驶模式条件也降低了视觉需求和主观分心评级。认知负荷结果在任务和交互模式条件之间不一致。总体而言，这项研究的结果提供了积极的证据，支持在驾驶时使用基于语音的驾驶模式实现来降低对移动设备的视觉需求和主观分心程度。此外，结果表明，与移动操作系统条件相比，手动驾驶模式实现也有可能降低视觉需求和主观分心程度。
