Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Faculty of Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland, Australia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Colombia.
Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Faculty of Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Sep;118:253-262. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.020. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Mobile phone distracted driving is a recurrent issue in road safety worldwide. Recent research on driving behaviour of distracted drivers suggests that in certain circumstances drivers seem to assume safer behaviours while using a mobile phone. Despite a high volume of research on this topic, self-regulation by mobile phone distracted drivers is not well understood as many driving simulator experiments are designed to impose an equal level of distraction to participants being tested for their driving performance. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-regulatory secondary task performance and driving. By a driving simulator experiment in which participants were allowed to perform their secondary tasks whenever they feel appropriate, the driving performance of 35 drivers aged 18-29 years was observed under three phone conditions including non-distraction (no phone use), hands-free interactions and visual-manual interactions in the CARRS-Q advanced driving simulator. Drivers' longitudinal and lateral vehicle control observed across various road traffic conditions were then modelled by Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) with exchangeable correlation structure accounting for heterogeneity resulting from multiple observations from the same driver. Results show that the extent of engagement in the secondary task influence both longitudinal and lateral control of vehicles. Drivers who engaged in a large number of hands-free interactions are found to select lower driving speed. In contrast, longer visual-manual interactions are found to result in higher driving speed among drivers self-regulating their secondary task. Among the road traffic conditions, drivers distracted by their self-regulated secondary tasks are found to select lower speeds along the s-curve compared to straight and motorway segments. In summary, the applied human-machine system approach suggests that road traffic demands play a vital role in both secondary task management and driving performance.
手机分散驾驶是全球道路安全的一个反复出现的问题。最近对分心驾驶行为的研究表明，在某些情况下，司机在使用手机时似乎会采取更安全的行为。尽管针对这个主题进行了大量研究，但由于许多驾驶模拟器实验旨在向被测试驾驶性能的参与者施加同等程度的分心，因此手机分心司机的自我调节行为仍未得到很好的理解。本研究旨在调查自我调节次要任务表现与驾驶之间的关系。通过驾驶模拟器实验，参与者可以在他们认为合适的任何时候执行他们的次要任务，观察了 35 名年龄在 18-29 岁之间的司机在三种手机条件下的驾驶性能，包括非分心（不使用手机）、免提交互和在 CARRS-Q 高级驾驶模拟器中的视觉手动交互。然后通过广义估计方程（GEE）对各种道路交通条件下观察到的驾驶员的纵向和横向车辆控制进行建模，该方程采用可交换相关结构来解释来自同一驾驶员的多次观测产生的异质性。结果表明，参与次要任务的程度会影响车辆的纵向和横向控制。发现进行大量免提交互的驾驶员会选择较低的驾驶速度。相比之下，发现自我调节次要任务的驾驶员进行较长时间的视觉手动交互会导致驾驶速度较高。在道路交通条件中，与直道和高速公路段相比，自我调节次要任务的驾驶员发现选择的速度较低。总的来说，应用的人机系统方法表明，道路交通需求在次要任务管理和驾驶性能中都起着至关重要的作用。
