大型亚高山湖泊（卢加诺湖）及其支流中抗生素耐药基因的分布与定量。
Distribution and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in a large subalpine lake (Lugano Lake) and tributary rivers.
机构信息
Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Mendrisio, Switzerland.
Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Mendrisio, Switzerland.
出版信息
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023 Jun;33:249-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.04.012. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
OBJECTIVES
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are causing increasing problems, especially in clinical settings. Nowadays, they are considered important environmental contaminants, but little is known about their fate in the environment or how they affect natural microbial populations. In the environment, especially in water affected by anthropic activities such as discharge of hospital, urban, and industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and agricultural runoff, antibiotic determinants may become part of the environmental gene pool, spread horizontally, and be ingested by humans and animals via contaminated food and drinking water. The aim of this work was to monitor long-term the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants in water samples collected from a subalpine lake and some tributary rivers located in the southern part of Switzerland, and to assess if anthropic activities could influence the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes present in water environments.
METHODS
We analysed water samples by qPCR to quantify five antibiotic resistance genes that confer resistance to the major classes of antibiotics used in clinical and veterinary settings (β-lactams, macrolides, tetracycline, quinolones, and sulphonamides). Water samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2021, from three rivers located in south Switzerland and from five different sites of Lugano Lake.
RESULTS
The most abundant genes were sulII, followed by ermB, qnrS, and tetA; they were found especially in the river influenced by wastewater treatment plants and in the lake near the potable water uptake plant. We observed an overall decrease in the number of resistance genes during the three years.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the aquatic ecosystems monitored in this study are a reservoir of ARGs and could potentially be a setting for the transmission of resistance from the environment to humans.
目的
抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）引起的问题日益严重，尤其是在临床环境中。如今，它们被认为是重要的环境污染物，但人们对它们在环境中的命运以及它们如何影响自然微生物种群知之甚少。在环境中，特别是在受到人为活动影响的水中，如医院、城市和工业污水处理厂（WWTP）以及农业径流的排放，抗生素决定因素可能成为环境基因库的一部分，横向传播，并通过受污染的食物和饮用水被人类和动物摄入。本研究的目的是长期监测从瑞士南部一个亚高山湖泊和一些支流河流采集的水样中抗生素耐药决定因素的存在情况，并评估人为活动是否会影响水环境中存在的抗生素耐药基因的分布。
方法
我们通过 qPCR 分析水样，以定量分析五种抗生素耐药基因，这些基因赋予了临床和兽医环境中使用的主要抗生素类别的耐药性（β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类）。水样于 2016 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间从瑞士南部的三条河流和卢加诺湖的五个不同地点采集。
结果
最丰富的基因是 sulII，其次是 ermB、qnrS 和 tetA；它们主要存在于受污水处理厂影响的河流和饮用水摄取厂附近的湖泊中。我们观察到三年期间耐药基因数量总体呈下降趋势。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，本研究中监测的水生生态系统是 ARGs 的储存库，并且可能是环境向人类传播耐药性的场所。
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