Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Global Institute for Transcultural Research, Römerberg, Germany.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;35(1):113-124. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2148829. Epub 2022 Nov 22.
In Germany, more than two-thirds of employees report mental health issues, while in Japan, more than half of the country's workforce are mentally distressed. Although both countries are socio-economically developed in similar ways, their cultures differ strongly. This article investigates mental health constructs among German and Japanese employees. A cross-sectional design was employed in which 257 German and 165 Japanese employees completed self-report scales regarding mental health problems, mental health shame, self-compassion and work motivation. -tests, correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results show that German employees have significantly higher levels of mental health problems, mental health shame, self-compassion and work motivation than Japanese employees. While many correlations were similar, mental health problems were associated with intrinsic motivation in Germans, but not in Japanese. Shame was associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Japanese, but not in Germans. Self-compassion - defined as a complex of compassion, humanity, care and unconditional, compassionate love - was associated with gender and age in Japanese, but not in German employees. Lastly, regression analysis uncovered that self-compassion was the strongest predictor of mental health problems in Germans. In Japanese employees, mental health shame is the strongest predictor of mental health problems. Results can guide managers and psychologists in internationalised organisations to effectively approach employee mental health.
在德国，超过三分之二的员工报告存在心理健康问题，而在日本，超过一半的劳动力存在精神困扰。尽管这两个国家在社会经济发展方面有相似之处，但它们的文化却有很大的不同。本文研究了德国和日本员工的心理健康结构。采用横断面设计，共有 257 名德国员工和 165 名日本员工完成了关于心理健康问题、心理健康羞耻感、自我同情和工作动机的自我报告量表。进行了 t 检验、相关和回归分析。结果表明，德国员工的心理健康问题、心理健康羞耻感、自我同情和工作动机水平明显高于日本员工。虽然许多相关性相似，但心理健康问题与德国人内在动机相关，而与日本人无关。羞耻感与日本人的内在和外在动机都相关，而与德国人无关。自我同情——定义为同情、人性、关怀和无条件、慈悲的爱——在日本人中与性别和年龄有关，而在德国员工中则没有。最后，回归分析揭示了自我同情是德国人心理健康问题的最强预测因素。在日本员工中，心理健康羞耻感是心理健康问题的最强预测因素。研究结果可以为国际化组织中的经理和心理学家提供指导，以有效地处理员工的心理健康问题。
