Degree of Tendon Retraction and Younger Age Are Associated With Functional Decline Following Nonoperative Management of Complete Proximal Hamstring Ruptures.

PURPOSE

To characterize functional outcomes of patients with complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures who were treated nonoperatively and determine whether there are patient characteristics associated with unfavorable outcomes.

METHODS

We retrospectively identified patients aged 18-80 (treated 1/2000-12/2019) who received nonoperative management of complete rupture of the hamstring tendon origin. Participants completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), as well as Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and a chart review was conducted to obtain demographic and medical information. Preinjury and postinjury TAS scores were compared, and additional models quantified associations between LEFS scores or changes in TAS scores (ΔTAS) and patient characteristics.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight subjects (mean age: 61.5 ± 1.5 years; 10 male) were included. The mean follow-up time was 5.8 ± 0.8 years (range: 2-22 years). Mean preinjury and postinjury TAS scores were 5.3 ± 0.4 and 3.7 ± 0.4, respectively, with a change of 1.5 ± 0.3 ( = .0002). Degree of tendon retraction showed a negative correlation with LEFS score ( = .003) and ΔTAS ( = .005). Increased follow-up time ( = .015) and body mass index ( = .018) were associated with lower LEFS scores. Moreover, increased follow-up time ( = .002) and younger age at injury ( = .035) were associated with more negative ΔTAS. Patients classified with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 2 had a median LEFS score that was 20 points (95% CI: 6.9-33.6) lower than those classified as ASA 1 ( = .015).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we found that increased degree of tendon retraction, increased follow-up time, and younger age at initial injury were associated with significantly worse self-reported functional outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV, prognostic case series.