Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance -LAFIDE and Post-graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem LimpaBauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Sep;123(9):1939-1948. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05205-4. Epub 2023 Apr 27.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated cold-water immersion (CWI) after high-intensity interval exercise sessions on cardiac-autonomic modulation, neuromuscular performance, muscle damage markers, and session internal load.
Twenty-one participants underwent five sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (6-7 bouts of 2 min; pause of 2 min) over a two-week period. Participants were allocated randomly into either a group that underwent CWI (11-min; 11 °C) or a group that performed passive recovery after each exercise session. Before the exercise sessions were performed, countermovement jump (CMJ) and heart rate variability were recorded (i.e., rMSSD, low and high frequency power and its ratio, SD1 and SD2). Exercise heart rate was calculated by recording the area under the curve (AUC) response. Internal session load was evaluated 30 min after each session. Blood concentrations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed before the first visit and 24 h after the last sessions.
The CWI group presented higher rMSSD than the control group at each time point (group-effect P = 0.037). The SD1 was higher in CWI group when compared to the control group following the last exercise session (interaction P = 0.038). SD2 was higher in CWI group compared to the control group at each time point (group-effect P = 0.030). Both groups presented equal CMJ performance (P > 0.05), internal load (group-effect P = 0.702; interaction P = 0.062), heart rate AUC (group-effect P = 0.169; interaction P = 0.663), and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase blood concentrations (P > 0.05).
Repeated post-exercise CWI improves cardiac-autonomic modulation. However, no differences in neuromuscular performance, muscle damage markers, or session internal load were demonstrated between the groups.
本研究旨在探讨高强度间歇运动后重复冷水浸泡（CWI）对心脏自主调节、神经肌肉性能、肌肉损伤标志物和运动内部负荷的影响。
21 名参与者在两周内进行了五次高强度间歇运动（6-7 组 2 分钟；每组之间休息 2 分钟）。参与者随机分配到 CWI 组（11 分钟；11°C）或被动恢复组。在进行运动前，记录了下蹲跳（CMJ）和心率变异性（即 rMSSD、低频和高频功率及其比值、SD1 和 SD2）。通过记录曲线下面积（AUC）反应来计算运动时的心率。在每次运动后 30 分钟评估内部运动负荷。在第一次就诊前和最后一次运动后 24 小时分析血液中肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的浓度。
CWI 组在每个时间点的 rMSSD 均高于对照组（组间效应 P=0.037）。与对照组相比，CWI 组在最后一次运动后 SD1 更高（交互作用 P=0.038）。与对照组相比，CWI 组在每个时间点的 SD2 均较高（组间效应 P=0.030）。两组的 CMJ 表现（P>0.05）、内部负荷（组间效应 P=0.702；交互作用 P=0.062）、心率 AUC（组间效应 P=0.169；交互作用 P=0.663）和肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的血液浓度（P>0.05）均无差异。
重复运动后 CWI 可改善心脏自主调节。然而，两组间神经肌肉性能、肌肉损伤标志物或运动内部负荷均无差异。
