University of Houston-Downtown, USA.
Perception. 2023 Jun;52(6):412-422. doi: 10.1177/03010066231170380. Epub 2023 Apr 27.
The horopter's history may partly be responsible for its ambiguous psychophysical definitions and obscured physiological significance. However, the horopter is a useful clinical tool integrating physiological optics and binocular vision. This article aims to help understand how it could come to such different attitudes toward the horopter. After the basic concepts underlying binocular space perception and stereopsis are presented, the horopter's old ideas that influence today's research show their inconsistencies with the conceptualized binocular vision. Two recent geometric theories of the horopter with progressively higher eye model fidelity that resolve the inconsistencies are reviewed. The first theory corrects the 200-year-old Vieth-Müller circle still used as a geometric horopter. The second theory advances Ogle's classical work by modeling empirical horopters as conic sections in the binocular system with the asymmetric eye model that accounts for the observed misalignment of optical components in human eyes. Its extension to iso-disparity conics is discussed.
双眼视差范围的历史可能部分地导致了其在心理物理学上定义的模糊和生理学意义上的晦涩。然而，双眼视差范围是一种将生理光学和双眼视觉结合起来的有用的临床工具。本文旨在帮助理解为什么人们对双眼视差范围会有如此不同的态度。在介绍了双眼空间感知和立体视觉的基本概念之后，展示了影响当今研究的双眼视差范围的旧观念与概念化的双眼视觉之间的不一致性。本文回顾了两个最近的、具有逐步提高的眼模型逼真度的双眼视差范围的几何理论，这些理论解决了这些不一致性。第一个理论纠正了仍在被用作几何双眼视差范围的 200 年前的维特-米勒圆。第二个理论通过在双眼系统中用模拟观察到的人眼光学元件的不对称性的不对称眼模型来将经验双眼视差范围建模为圆锥曲线，从而推进了奥格尔的经典工作。讨论了其对等视差圆锥曲线的扩展。
