Żytek Aleksandra, Rusinek Robert, Oniszczuk Anna, Gancarz Marek
Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Apr 13;16(8):3066. doi: 10.3390/ma16083066.
The aim of this study was to determine the emission of organic volatile compounds from maize grain as a function of granularity and packing density of bulk material in conditions imitating processes occurring in silos. The study was carried out with the use of a gas chromatograph and an electronic nose, which was designed and constructed at the Institute of Agrophysics of PAS and has a matrix of eight MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) sensors. A 20-L volume of maize grain was consolidated in the INSTRON testing machine with pressures of 40 and 80 kPa. The control samples were not compacted, and the maize bed had bulk density. The analyses were carried out at a moisture content of 14% and 17% (w.b.-wet basis). The measurement system facilitated quantitative and qualitative analyses of volatile organic compounds and the intensity of their emission during 30-day storage. The study determined the profile of volatile compounds as a function of storage time and the grain bed consolidation level. The research results indicated the degree of grain degradation induced by the storage time. The highest emission of volatile compounds was recorded on the first four days, which indicated a dynamic nature of maize quality degradation. This was confirmed by the measurements performed with electrochemical sensors. In turn, the intensity of the volatile compound emission decreased in the next stage of the experiments, which showed a decline in the quality degradation dynamics. The sensor responses to the emission intensity decreased significantly at this stage. The electronic nose data on the emission of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) as well as grain moisture and bulk volume can be helpful for the determination of the quality of stored material and its suitability for consumption.
本研究的目的是在模拟筒仓中发生的过程的条件下，确定玉米籽粒有机挥发性化合物的排放与散装物料粒度和堆积密度之间的关系。该研究使用了气相色谱仪和电子鼻，电子鼻由波兰科学院农业物理研究所设计和构建，具有一个由八个金属氧化物半导体（MOS）传感器组成的阵列。将20升体积的玉米籽粒在英斯特朗试验机中以40 kPa和80 kPa的压力进行压实。对照样品未压实，玉米床具有容重。分析在14%和17%（湿基）的水分含量下进行。该测量系统有助于对挥发性有机化合物进行定量和定性分析，以及在30天储存期间其排放强度的分析。该研究确定了挥发性化合物的分布与储存时间和谷粒床压实水平之间的关系。研究结果表明了储存时间引起的谷粒降解程度。挥发性化合物的最高排放记录在头四天，这表明玉米质量降解具有动态性质。这通过电化学传感器进行的测量得到了证实。反过来，在实验的下一阶段，挥发性化合物的排放强度下降，这表明质量降解动态有所下降。在此阶段，传感器对排放强度的响应显著降低。关于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）排放以及谷物水分和总体积的电子鼻数据有助于确定储存物料的质量及其食用适宜性。
