Shah Harsh, Shah Kushal, Gajera Bhavin, Dave Rutesh H, Taft David R
Invagen, A Cipla Subsidiary, Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA.
Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 23;15(4):1040. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041040.
Albendazole (ABZ) is a weakly basic drug that undergoes extensive presystemic metabolism after oral administration and converts to its active form albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ_SO). The absorption of albendazole is limited by poor aqueous solubility, and dissolution is the rate-limiting step in the overall exposure of ABZ_SO. In this study, PBPK modeling was used to identify formulation-specific parameters that impact the oral bioavailability of ABZ_SO. In vitro experiments were carried out to determine pH solubility, precipitation kinetics, particle size distribution, and biorelevant solubility. A transfer experiment was conducted to determine the precipitation kinetics. A PBPK model for ABZ and ABZ_SO was developed using the Simcyp™ Simulator based on parameter estimates from in vitro experiments. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of physiological parameters and formulation-related parameters on the systemic exposure of ABZ_SO. Model simulations predicted that increased gastric pH significantly reduced ABZ absorption and, subsequently, ABZ_SO systemic exposure. Reducing the particle size below 50 µm did not improve the bioavailability of ABZ. Modeling results illustrated that systemic exposure of ABZ_SO was enhanced by increasing solubility or supersaturation and decreasing the drug precipitation of ABZ at the intestinal pH level. These results were used to identify potential formulation strategies to enhance the oral bioavailability of ABZ_SO.
阿苯达唑(ABZ)是一种弱碱性药物,口服后会经历广泛的首过代谢,并转化为其活性形式阿苯达唑亚砜(ABZ_SO)。阿苯达唑的吸收受其水溶性差的限制,溶解是ABZ_SO总体暴露的限速步骤。在本研究中,采用生理药代动力学(PBPK)建模来确定影响ABZ_SO口服生物利用度的制剂特异性参数。进行了体外实验以测定pH溶解度、沉淀动力学、粒径分布和生物相关溶解度。进行了一项转移实验以确定沉淀动力学。基于体外实验的参数估计,使用Simcyp™模拟器开发了ABZ和ABZ_SO的PBPK模型。进行敏感性分析以评估生理参数和制剂相关参数对ABZ_SO全身暴露的影响。模型模拟预测,胃内pH值升高会显著降低ABZ的吸收,进而降低ABZ_SO的全身暴露。将粒径减小至50 µm以下并不能提高ABZ的生物利用度。建模结果表明,通过增加溶解度或过饱和度以及降低肠道pH值水平下ABZ的药物沉淀,可以提高ABZ_SO的全身暴露。这些结果被用于确定提高ABZ_SO口服生物利用度的潜在制剂策略。