Cari Luigi, Naghavi Alhosseini Mahdieh, Mencacci Antonella, Migliorati Graziella, Nocentini Giuseppe
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, I-06129 Perugia, Italy.
Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, I-06129 Perugia, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Apr 21;11(4):879. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040879.
Comirnaty (BNT162b2) and Spikevax (mRNA-1273) COVID-19 vaccines encode a full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein. To evaluate whether the S-protein expressed following treatment with the two vaccines differs in the real-world context, two cell lines were treated for 24 h with two concentrations of each vaccine, and the expression of the S-protein was evaluated using flow cytometry and ELISA. Vaccines were obtained from three vaccination centers in Perugia (Italy) that provided us with residual vaccines present in vials after administration. Interestingly, the S-protein was detected not only on the cell membrane but also in the supernatant. The expression was dose-dependent only in Spikevax-treated cells. Furthermore, the S-protein expression levels in both cells and supernatant were much higher in Spikewax-than in Comirnaty-treated cells. Differences in S-protein expression levels following vaccine treatment may be attributed to variations in the efficacy of lipid nanoparticles, differences in mRNA translation rates and/or loss of some lipid nanoparticles' properties and mRNA integrity during transport, storage, or dilution, and may contribute to explaining the slight differences in the efficacy and safety observed between the Comirnaty and Spikevax vaccines.
科兴新冠疫苗（BNT162b2）和莫德纳新冠疫苗（mRNA-1273）编码全长严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突（S）蛋白。为了评估在现实环境中这两种疫苗接种后所表达的S蛋白是否存在差异，使用每种疫苗的两种浓度对两种细胞系进行了24小时处理，并通过流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估了S蛋白的表达。疫苗取自意大利佩鲁贾的三个疫苗接种中心，这些中心为我们提供了接种后小瓶中剩余的疫苗。有趣的是，不仅在细胞膜上检测到了S蛋白，在上清液中也检测到了。仅在接受莫德纳疫苗处理的细胞中，这种表达呈剂量依赖性。此外，与接受科兴疫苗处理的细胞相比，接受莫德纳疫苗处理的细胞及其上清液中的S蛋白表达水平要高得多。疫苗处理后S蛋白表达水平的差异可能归因于脂质纳米颗粒功效的差异、mRNA翻译速率的差异和/或在运输、储存或稀释过程中一些脂质纳米颗粒的性质和mRNA完整性的丧失，这可能有助于解释科兴疫苗和莫德纳疫苗在功效和安全性上观察到的细微差异。
