Wiegand Kristyne, Tandy Richard, Silvernail Julia Freedman
Department of Kinesiology, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2023 Feb 1;16(1):159-171. doi: 10.70252/PWTL5476. eCollection 2023.
While research on running injuries is common, there is a lack of definitive causal relationships between running injuries and gait mechanics. Additionally, there is a paucity of longitudinal research to understand the development of running injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of running injuries and investigate movement characteristics as they relate to injury development in Division-I cross-country athletes over a two-year period. Athletes were evaluated at pre- and post-season with three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic gait analyses. A total of 17 female athletes were evaluated, though sample size varied at each time point. Self-reported injury occurrence data was collected via questionnaires and injury reports were obtained from athletic training staff. Sixteen of the athletes reported at least one injury during the study. The percentage of participants self-reporting injury was greater than the percentage of participants who were evaluated and diagnosed by medical staff each year (year one: 67% vs. 33%; year two: 70% vs. 50%). The most common self-reported and medically confirmed injury location was the left foot, with 7 total reports out of 17 participants. Inferential statistics were not feasible due to an inherently limited sample size, thus effect size (Cohen's ) was used to assess differences in mechanics between athletes with and without left foot injury. Several variables, including peak ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, and inversion, peak knee abduction, and hip abduction and adduction were associated with moderate-to-large effect sizes ( > 0.50). This study demonstrates that injury rates in the literature may be influenced by reporting method. Additionally, this study provides promising information regarding movement characteristics in injured runners and demonstrates the necessity of longitudinal studies of homogenous groups.
虽然关于跑步损伤的研究很常见，但跑步损伤与步态力学之间缺乏明确的因果关系。此外，缺乏纵向研究来了解跑步损伤的发展情况。本研究的目的是评估一级越野运动员在两年时间内跑步损伤的发生率，并调查与损伤发展相关的运动特征。在赛季前和赛季后对运动员进行三维运动学和动力学步态分析评估。总共评估了17名女运动员，不过每个时间点的样本量有所不同。通过问卷调查收集自我报告的损伤发生数据，并从运动训练人员处获取损伤报告。16名运动员在研究期间报告了至少一次损伤。每年自我报告损伤的参与者百分比高于接受医务人员评估和诊断的参与者百分比（第一年：67%对33%；第二年：70%对50%）。自我报告且经医学确认的最常见损伤部位是左脚，17名参与者中共有7份报告。由于样本量本质上有限，无法进行推断统计，因此使用效应量（科恩d值）来评估有和没有左脚损伤的运动员之间力学差异。几个变量，包括踝关节最大跖屈、背屈和内翻峰值、膝关节外展峰值以及髋关节外展和内收峰值，与中度至大效应量（d>0.50）相关。本研究表明，文献中的损伤率可能受报告方法的影响。此外，本研究提供了有关受伤跑步者运动特征的有前景的信息，并证明了对同质群体进行纵向研究的必要性。
