Cafaro Rita, Rosti Chiara Ada Maria, Cerolini Lucia, Varinelli Alberto, Charitos Socrates, Magnotti Roberta, Benatti Beatrice, Dell'Osso Bernardo, Viganò Caterina A
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 30;14:1145940. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145940. eCollection 2023.
Differences based on gender in the presentation and outcome of many psychiatric conditions have been highlighted in the past years. Moreover, women are often underrepresented in research samples, thus leading to a poorer understanding and addressing of their needs. As regards psychiatric rehabilitation, few studies have focused on the influence of gender on the outcomes of rehabilitation programs.
This study aimed to analyze the impact of gender on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as on main rehabilitation outcomes, in a sample of subjects undergoing rehabilitation programs in a metropolitan residential service.
We collected socio-demographic, clinical variables and rehabilitation outcomes of all subjects discharged from the metropolitan residential rehabilitative service of the Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, from January 2015 to December 2021. Gender differences were analyzed through -test and chi-square for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
In a total sample of 129 subjects equally distributed for gender (50.4% women), all subjects improved after their rehabilitation program, as measured through specific psychometric scales. However, women had a higher proportion of discharges to their own household (52.3% vs. 25% of men). They also showed higher educational status (53.8% completed high school vs. 31.3% of men). Clinically, they showed longer duration of untreated illness (3.6 ± 7.31 vs. 1.06 ± 2.35 years) and lower frequency of substance use disorders compared to men (6.4% vs. 35.9%).
The main result of this study shows, in light of an equal improvement in psychopathological and psychosocial functioning after the rehabilitation program, better outcomes in women compared to men, with a higher frequency of return to their own household after the completion of a rehabilitation program compared to men.
在过去几年中，许多精神疾病的表现和结果存在基于性别的差异已得到凸显。此外，女性在研究样本中的代表性往往不足，从而导致对她们需求的理解和应对较差。关于精神康复，很少有研究关注性别对康复项目结果的影响。
本研究旨在分析性别对在大城市住宿服务机构接受康复项目的受试者样本的社会人口学和临床特征以及主要康复结果的影响。
我们收集了2015年1月至2021年12月从意大利米兰路易吉·萨科医院大城市住宿康复服务机构出院的所有受试者的社会人口学、临床变量和康复结果。分别通过t检验和卡方检验分析连续变量和分类变量的性别差异。
在129名按性别均匀分布的受试者总样本中（女性占50.4%），通过特定心理测量量表测量，所有受试者在康复项目后均有所改善。然而，女性回到自己家中的出院比例更高（52.3%，而男性为25%）。她们还显示出更高的教育水平（53.8%完成高中学业，而男性为31.3%）。在临床上，与男性相比，她们未治疗疾病的持续时间更长（3.6±7.31年 vs. 1.06±2.35年），物质使用障碍的发生率更低（6.4% vs. 35.9%）。
本研究的主要结果表明，鉴于康复项目后心理病理和心理社会功能有同等改善，女性的结果优于男性；与男性相比，康复项目完成后回到自己家中的频率更高。
