Department of Industrial Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(25):67525-67538. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27199-4. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
Following a consensus among world leaders at COP26 and COP27, every country is trying to deal with environmental issues. In this context, the role of green innovation efficiency is crucial, as it can positively drive the environmental efforts of a country. However, past research has ignored the methods through which a country can drive green innovation efficiency. To address this research gap, this work selected data from 2007 to 2021 in China, measured the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of each province, and constructed a systematic GMM model to analyze the role of environmental regulation policy and human capital on GIE. The findings of the study are as follows. (1) The overall GIE in China is 0.537, which is still at a low efficiency level, and high efficiency is mainly concentrated in the eastern region, while the western region has the lowest level of GIE. (2) The relationship between environmental regulations and GIE in the whole country and in the eastern, central, and western regions is shown to be "U" shaped. The regression coefficient of human capital on GIE is found to be positive, but there is regional variation, which is not significant in the western region and shows a significant positive correlation in other regions. (3) There is regional heterogeneity in FDI's impact on GIE; the results in the eastern region are consistent with the national results, which can promote GIE, but not significantly in the central and western regions; marketization can improve GIE in the national and eastern regions, but is not significant in the central and western regions; scientific and technological innovation can promote GIE except in the central region; and economic development can improve GIE in all regions. Studying the impact of environmental regulation and human capital development on the efficiency of green innovation and realizing the coordinated development of the environment and economy under institutional innovation and human capital innovation is of great significance for the development of China's low-carbon economy and has important reference value for accelerating sustainable economic development.
在第 26 届联合国气候变化大会和第 27 届联合国气候变化大会上，各国领导人达成共识，各国都在努力应对环境问题。在此背景下，绿色创新效率的作用至关重要，因为它可以积极推动一国的环境努力。然而，过去的研究忽视了一个国家推动绿色创新效率的方法。为了解决这一研究差距，本工作选择了 2007 年至 2021 年中国的数据，测算了各省的绿色创新效率（GIE），并构建了一个系统的 GMM 模型，分析了环境规制政策和人力资本对 GIE 的作用。研究结果如下。（1）中国整体 GIE 为 0.537，仍处于较低效率水平，高效率主要集中在东部地区，而西部地区 GIE 水平最低。（2）全国及东、中、西部地区环境规制与 GIE 的关系呈“U”型。人力资本对 GIE 的回归系数为正，但存在区域差异，在西部地区不显著，在其他地区呈显著正相关。（3）FDI 对 GIE 的影响存在区域异质性；东部地区的结果与全国结果一致，可以促进 GIE，但在中部和西部地区不显著；市场化在全国和东部地区可以提高 GIE，但在中部和西部地区不显著；科技创新除中部地区外，均可促进 GIE；经济发展可以提高所有地区的 GIE。研究环境规制和人力资本发展对绿色创新效率的影响，实现制度创新和人力资本创新下环境与经济的协调发展，对中国低碳经济的发展具有重要意义，对加快经济可持续发展具有重要参考价值。
