Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Jul;69:143-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.04.025. Epub 2023 Apr 23.
To evaluate the epidemiology of concussions in pediatric baseball and softball players. We hypothesized that head-to-ball injuries would be the most common cause of concussions.
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was used to gather data. Concussions occurring during baseball and softball participation in pediatric patients (4-17 years old) from 2012 to 2021 was gathered. Concussion mechanisms were grouped into 5 categories: head-to-player, head-to-ball, head-to-surface (ground, walls, railings), head-to-bat, and unknown. Linear regression models were used to assess changes in yearly concussion rates over the study period. Results from these models were reported using parameter estimates and the estimated Pearson correlation coefficient.
A weighted total of 54,978 baseball and softball related concussion injuries were analyzed. The average weighted age of our cohort at the time of injury was 13.1 years, with 54.1% (n = 29,761) of concussions occurring in males. The national estimated incidence of concussion injuries decreased non-significantly over the study period (slope estimate = -311 concussions/year, r = -0.625, p-value = 0.054). The majority of weighted national estimate concussions were due to head-to-ball injuries (n = 34,650; 63.0%), followed by head-to-player (n = 8501; 15.5%), head-to-surface (n = 5347; 9.7%), and head-to-bat (n = 5089; 9.3%). On sub-analysis, individuals were grouped into 3 age brackets: 4-8, 9-13, and 14-17 years. The most common mechanism of concussions in children of all ages was head-to-ball. The incidence of head-to-player and head-to-surface injuries increased throughout each age group, while head-to-bat decreased.
The incidence of concussions in pediatric baseball and softball athletes has been decreasing non-significantly over our 10-year study period. The most common mechanism of concussions in our study was head-to-ball injuries.
评估儿童棒球和垒球运动员脑震荡的流行病学。我们假设头部与球的碰撞是脑震荡最常见的原因。
使用国家电子伤害监测系统（NEISS）数据库收集数据。收集 2012 年至 2021 年期间在儿童患者（4-17 岁）中发生的棒球和垒球运动中的脑震荡数据。脑震荡机制分为 5 类：头部与球员、头部与球、头部与表面（地面、墙壁、栏杆）、头部与球棒和未知。使用线性回归模型评估研究期间每年脑震荡发生率的变化。使用参数估计和估计的皮尔逊相关系数报告这些模型的结果。
对 54978 例棒球和垒球相关脑震荡损伤进行了加权分析。我们队列的平均加权年龄为 13.1 岁，54.1%（n=29761）的脑震荡发生在男性中。研究期间，全国脑震荡损伤的估计发病率呈非显著下降趋势（斜率估计值=-311 例/年，r=-0.625，p 值=0.054）。全国加权估计脑震荡的大部分原因是头部与球的碰撞（n=34650；63.0%），其次是头部与球员的碰撞（n=8501；15.5%）、头部与表面的碰撞（n=5347；9.7%）和头部与球棒的碰撞（n=5089；9.3%）。在亚分析中，将个体分为 3 个年龄组：4-8 岁、9-13 岁和 14-17 岁。所有年龄段儿童最常见的脑震荡机制是头部与球的碰撞。随着每个年龄组的发展，头部与球员和头部与表面的受伤发生率增加，而头部与球棒的受伤发生率下降。
在我们的 10 年研究期间，儿童棒球和垒球运动员脑震荡的发病率呈非显著下降趋势。本研究中脑震荡最常见的机制是头部与球的碰撞。
