Kelsey Tom
School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:185-199. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_9.
The human ovarian reserve is defined by the number of non-growing follicles (NGFs) in the ovary, with the age-related decline in NGF population determining age at menopause for healthy women. In this chapter, the concept of ovarian reserve is explored in detail, with a sequence of models described that in principle allow any individual to be compared to the general population. As there is no current technology that can count the NGFs in a living ovary, we move our focus to biomarkers for the ovarian reserve. Using serum analysis and ultrasound it is possible to measure anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and ovarian volume (OV) and to count numbers of antral follicles (AFC). These are compared, with ovarian volume being the closest to a true biomarker for a wide range of ages and with AMH and AFC being the most popular for post-pubertal and pre-menopausal ages. The study of genetic and subcellular biomarkers for the ovarian reserve has produced less concrete results. Recent advances are described and compared in terms of limitations and potential. The chapter concludes with an overview of the future study indicated by our current knowledge and by current controversy in the field.
人类卵巢储备由卵巢中未生长卵泡（NGF）的数量来定义，NGF数量随年龄的下降决定了健康女性的绝经年龄。在本章中，将详细探讨卵巢储备的概念，并描述一系列模型，原则上这些模型可将任何个体与一般人群进行比较。由于目前尚无技术能够对活体卵巢中的NGF进行计数，因此我们将重点转向卵巢储备的生物标志物。通过血清分析和超声检查，可以测量抗苗勒管激素（AMH）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）和卵巢体积（OV），并对窦卵泡（AFC）数量进行计数。对这些指标进行了比较，卵巢体积在广泛年龄范围内最接近真正的生物标志物，而AMH和AFC在青春期后和绝经前年龄组中最常用。关于卵巢储备的遗传和亚细胞生物标志物的研究结果尚不明确。文中描述了近期的进展，并就其局限性和潜力进行了比较。本章最后概述了基于我们目前的知识以及该领域当前争议所表明的未来研究方向。
