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(非)体验运动意图:准备电位起始与利贝特的 W 时刻的比较。

(Non)-experiencing the intention to move: On the comparisons between the Readiness Potential onset and Libet's W-time.

机构信息

Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia.

Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

出版信息

Neuropsychologia. 2023 Jul 4;185:108570. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108570. Epub 2023 Apr 29.

Abstract

A seminal study by Libet et al. (1983) provided a popular approach to compare the introspective timing of movement execution (the M-time) and the intention to move (the W-time) with respect to the onset of the readiness potential (RP). The difference between the W-time and the RP onsets contributed significantly to the current free-will discussion, insofar as it has been repeatedly shown that the RP onset unequivocally precedes the W-time. However, the interpretations of Libet's paradigm continuously attract criticism, questioning the use of both the W-time and the RP onset as indicators of motor intention. In the current study, we further probe whether the W-time is rather an intention-unrelated product of the participant's inference than an unambiguous temporal marker of the intention to move. Using behavioral reports and concurrent multichannel EEG, we investigated the relationship between the W-time and M-time introspective reports in two groups of participants who started an experiment with a series of different reports. Congruently with previous studies, we have shown that the W-time is affected by the experimental procedures: participants who had prior experience reporting the M-time provided significantly earlier W-time. However, contrary to previous papers, we revealed that even naive participants do introspectively differentiate the W-time and the M-time, which suggests that the W-time might actually reflect the intention to move, at least to some extent. We, therefore, suggest that training-based modulation of the W-time values may explain this finding. Moreover, we further confirm the absence of a direct link between the RP onset and the W-time by showing no covariation between them in both experimental groups. In turn, our findings question the overall interpretation of the comparison between these two time points. Overall, our study further emphasizes the ambiguity of Libet's paradigm, and suggests that the relatedness of both the RP and the W-time to the movement initiation processes should not be assumed a priori.

摘要

利贝特等人(1983 年)的一项开创性研究提供了一种流行的方法,用于比较运动执行的内省时间(M 时间)和运动意图(W 时间)与准备电位(RP)的起始时间。W 时间和 RP 起始时间之间的差异对当前自由意志讨论产生了重大影响,因为已经反复表明 RP 起始时间明确早于 W 时间。然而,利贝特范式的解释不断受到批评,质疑同时使用 W 时间和 RP 起始时间作为运动意图的指标。在当前的研究中,我们进一步探讨了 W 时间是否更像是参与者推断的与意图无关的产物,而不是运动意图的明确时间标记。使用行为报告和同时的多通道 EEG,我们研究了两组参与者的 W 时间和 M 时间内省报告之间的关系,这两组参与者开始实验时使用了一系列不同的报告。与之前的研究一致,我们表明 W 时间受到实验程序的影响:具有报告 M 时间经验的参与者提供的 W 时间明显更早。然而,与之前的论文相反,我们发现即使是天真的参与者也会内省地区分 W 时间和 M 时间,这表明 W 时间至少在某种程度上可能反映了运动意图。因此,我们认为基于训练的 W 时间值的调制可能解释了这一发现。此外,我们通过在两个实验组中均未显示它们之间的协变来进一步证实 RP 起始时间和 W 时间之间没有直接联系。反过来,我们的发现质疑了这两个时间点之间的比较的总体解释。总体而言,我们的研究进一步强调了利贝特范式的模糊性,并表明不应先验地假设 RP 和 W 时间与运动启动过程的相关性。

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