Role of CXCR5 CD8 T cells in human hepatitis B virus infection.

The replication of HBV in hepatocytes can be effectively inhibited by lifelong antiviral therapy. Because of the long-term presence of HBV reservoirs, the virus rebound frequently occurs once the treatment is stopped, which poses a considerable obstacle to the complete removal of the virus. In terms of gene composition, regulation of B cell action and function, CXCR5 CD8 T cells are similar to CXCR5 CD4 T follicular helper cells, while these cells are characterized by elevated programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic-related proteins. CXCR5 CD8 T cells are strongly associated with progression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, CXCR5 expression on the surface of CD8 T cells is mostly an indicator of memory stem cell-like failure in progenitor cells in cancer that are more responsive to immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Furthermore, the phenomena have also been demonstrated in some viral infections, highlighting the duality of the cellular immune response of CXCR5 CD8 T cells. This mini-review will focus on the function of CXCR5 CD8 T cells in HBV infection and discuss the function of these CD8 T cells and the potential of associated co-stimulators or cytokines in HBV therapeutic strategies.