Eggenberger Lukas, Ehlert Ulrike, Walther Andreas
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2023 Apr 18;14:1146078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146078. eCollection 2023.
Societal, cultural, and contextual norms about how men should be and behave (so called traditional masculinity ideologies; TMI) affect men's presentation of depressive disorders, psychotherapy use, and treatment engagement. Only recently, however, male-tailored psychotherapy approaches for depressive disorders have been developed, which aim to systematically soften dysfunctional TMI. In this review, we outline the necessary groundwork as well as recent advances in research on TMI, men's help-seeking, male depression, and their interrelatedness. Subsequently, we discuss the potential value of these findings for male-tailored psychotherapy for depressive disorders.
A preliminary evaluation of a male-specific psychoeducation program found that a male-specific psychoeducation text could reduce negative affect as well as state shame and potentially elicit a shift from externalizing depression symptoms toward more prototypical depression symptoms. The program, a male-tailored community-based service, improved suicidal men's overall well-being, problems, functioning, and suicide risk. The program, an eHealth resource aimed at depressed men, reported a high and increasing global interest in their website, with considerable visitor engagement. The online resource improved depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and help-seeking behavior. Finally, the program, an online training program for clinical practitioners, increased practitioners' capacity to engage and support men in therapy.
Male-tailored psychotherapy programs for depressive disorders, which are informed by recent advances in TMI research, may potentially increase therapeutic effectiveness, engagement, and adherence. While recent preliminary analyses of individual male-tailored treatment programs show promising results, extensive and systematic primary studies evaluating these programs are pending but greatly needed.
关于男性应如何表现及行为的社会、文化和背景规范（即所谓的传统男性气质意识形态；TMI）会影响男性抑郁症的表现、心理治疗的使用以及治疗参与度。然而，直到最近才开发出针对男性抑郁症的心理治疗方法，旨在系统地弱化功能失调的TMI。在本综述中，我们概述了TMI、男性求助行为、男性抑郁症及其相互关系研究的必要基础以及最新进展。随后，我们讨论了这些研究结果对于针对男性抑郁症的心理治疗的潜在价值。
对一项男性特定心理教育项目的初步评估发现，一份男性特定的心理教育文本可以减少负面影响以及状态羞耻感，并可能促使抑郁症症状从外化转向更典型的症状。该项目是一项针对男性的社区服务，改善了有自杀倾向男性的整体幸福感、问题、功能和自杀风险。该项目是一个针对抑郁男性的电子健康资源，报告称其网站在全球的关注度很高且不断增加，访客参与度也相当可观。该在线资源改善了抑郁症状、自杀意念和求助行为。最后，该项目是一项针对临床从业者的在线培训项目，提高了从业者在治疗中与男性互动并提供支持的能力。
基于TMI研究的最新进展而制定的针对男性抑郁症的心理治疗项目，可能会提高治疗效果、参与度和依从性。虽然最近对个别针对男性的治疗项目的初步分析显示出了有希望的结果，但评估这些项目的广泛而系统的初步研究尚未进行，但非常有必要开展。
