Department of Family Medicine, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Front Public Health. 2023 Apr 18;11:1157351. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157351. eCollection 2023.
Pediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status.
This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension.
There were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, < 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, < 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,-0.197, 95% confidence interval,-0.298-0.097; < 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985-0.999; = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016-1.032; < 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension.
Physical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students.
儿科高血压会导致成年期高血压和靶器官损伤。肥胖是儿科高血压的已知预测因素；然而，儿童的身体素质与血压（BP）之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在比较不同 BP 亚组之间在人口统计学、人体测量学和身体素质方面的差异，并探讨身体素质是否与体重状况无关，与儿科高血压有关。
这是一项定量的、横断面研究，调查了 360 名健康学龄儿童的人口统计学、人体测量学、身体素质和 BP 测量值。使用单向方差分析比较 BP 亚组之间的连续变量。使用中介和调节分析来探讨机制。使用多变量回归模型评估高血压的独立关联。
正常血压组、升高血压组和高血压组分别有 177 名（49.2%）、37 名（10.3%）和 146 名（40.6%）儿童。高血压组的体重指数（BMI）和腰围/身高比百分位较高，800 米跑、站立跳远（SLJ）和 1 分钟仰卧起坐的表现均低于正常血压组。此外，800 米跑百分位（总效应：β=0.308，标准误差=0.044，<0.001）和坐立前伸百分位（总效应：β=0.308，标准误差=0.044，<0.001）介导了 BMI 百分位与收缩压百分位之间的关系；SLJ 百分位与舒张压百分位直接相关（β，-0.197，95%置信区间，-0.298-0.097；<0.001）。多变量回归模型的简约模型显示，SLJ 百分位（调整后的 exp（β），0.992，95%置信区间，0.985-0.999；=0.042）和 BMI 百分位（调整后的 exp（β），1.024，95%置信区间，1.016-1.032；<0.001）是儿科高血压的两个独立预测因素。
身体素质介导了人体测量学和 BP 测量值之间的关系。SLJ 百分位与 BMI 百分位无关，与儿科高血压有关。积极筛查和促进健康不仅有益于健康体重状况，还有益于控制学龄儿童的血压。
