2022 年 3 月至 6 月期间瑞士苏黎世基于人群队列的体液和细胞介导免疫的纵向反应——中和抗体和刺突特异性 T 细胞应答对奥密克戎 SARS-CoV-2 感染的保护作用证据。

Longitudinal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in a population-based cohort in Zurich, Switzerland between March and June 2022 - evidence for protection against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection by neutralizing antibodies and spike-specific T-cell responses.

机构信息

Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.

Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

Int J Infect Dis. 2023 Aug;133:18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.407. Epub 2023 May 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.407

PMID:37149211

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10159929/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The correlate(s) of protection against SARS-CoV-2 remain incompletely defined. Additional information regarding the combinations of antibody and T cell-mediated immunity which can protect against (re)infection is needed.

METHODS

We conducted a population-based, longitudinal cohort study including 1044 individuals of varying SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection statuses. We assessed spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-immunoglobulin(Ig)G and wildtype, Delta, and Omicron-neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) activity. In a subset of 328 individuals, we evaluated S, membrane (M), and N-specific T cells. Three months later, we reassessed Ab (n = 964) and T cell (n = 141) responses and evaluated factors associated with protection from (re)infection.

RESULTS

At the study start, >98% of participants were S-IgG seropositive. N-IgG and M/N-T-cell responses increased over time, indicating viral (re)exposure, despite existing S-IgG. Compared to N-IgG, M/N-T cells were a more sensitive measure of viral exposure. High N-IgG titers, Omicron-N-Ab activity, and S-specific-T-cell responses were all associated with a reduced likelihood of (re)infection over time.

CONCLUSION

Population-level SARS-CoV-2 immunity is S-IgG-dominated, but heterogeneous. M/N-T-cell responses can distinguish previous infection from vaccination, and monitoring a combination of N-IgG, Omicron-N-Ab, and S-T-cell responses may help estimate protection against SARS-CoV-2 (re)infection.

摘要

目的

针对 SARS-CoV-2 的保护相关因素仍不完全明确。需要更多关于能够预防（再次）感染的抗体和 T 细胞介导免疫的组合的信息。

方法

我们进行了一项基于人群的纵向队列研究，纳入了具有不同 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种和感染状态的 1044 名个体。我们评估了刺突（S）和核衣壳（N）免疫球蛋白（Ig）G 以及野生型、Delta 和奥密克戎中和抗体（N-Ab）活性。在 328 名个体的亚组中，我们评估了 S、膜（M）和 N 特异性 T 细胞。三个月后，我们重新评估了 Ab（n=964）和 T 细胞（n=141）反应，并评估了与（再次）感染保护相关的因素。

结果

在研究开始时，超过 98%的参与者 S-IgG 呈血清阳性。尽管存在 S-IgG，但 N-IgG 和 M/N-T 细胞反应随着时间的推移而增加，表明存在病毒（再次）暴露。与 N-IgG 相比，M/N-T 细胞是一种更敏感的病毒暴露测量指标。高 N-IgG 滴度、Omicron-N-Ab 活性和 S 特异性 T 细胞反应均与随着时间的推移（再次）感染的可能性降低相关。