Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Phys. Activity. Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Nov;23(11):2148-2156. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2212292. Epub 2023 May 23.
Postural adjustments performed in anticipation of uncertain visual events is a common sensorimotor control problem in open sport skills. In this study, we examined how expert soccer goalkeepers and non-athletes learn a whole body visuomotor rotation during postural tracking of constant and variable visual target motions. Twenty-one (21) soccer goalkeepers (18 ± 15 years, 75 ± 12 kg) and 25 age-matched non-athletes (18 ± 12 years, 75 ± 15 kg) practiced lateral weight shifting on a dual force platform while tracking the motion of a constant (11 goalkeepers and 12 non-athletes) or a variable (10 goalkeepers and 13 non-athletes) visual target with provision of online visual feedback (VF). After 40s of tracking (baseline), the visual presentation of the VF signal reversed direction relative to the participant's motion (180° visuo-motor rotation) for 60s (adaptation) and then returned to its veridical direction for another 20s (washout). During adaptation, goalkeepers reduced the spatiotemporal error to baseline levels at an earlier time block (3rd block) compared to non-athletes (6th block), but this difference was significant only for groups tracking of the constant and not the variable target motion. Only the groups tracking the constant target increased the spatiotemporal error during the 1st washout block demonstrating a significant aftereffect. It is concluded that goalkeepers adapt faster to the feedback rotation due to their prior field knowledge of relevant visuomotor transformations in anticipation of deceptive visual cues. This expertise advantage however is present only in a stable visual environment possibly because learning is compromised when tracking uncertain motion cues requiring closed loop control.We examined how expert goalkeepers and non-athletes adopt to a novel whole body visuomotor rotation when tracking a constantly or variably moving targetGoalkeepers adopted faster to the visuomotor rotation than non-athletesExpertise related differences were evident only for groups tracking the constant target motionGroups tracking the variable target motion did not learn the visuomotor rotation.
在开放式运动技能中，对不确定视觉事件进行姿势调整是常见的运动感知控制问题。在这项研究中，我们研究了专家足球守门员和非运动员如何在进行恒速和变速视觉目标运动的姿势跟踪过程中学习整个身体的视觉运动旋转。21 名（21 名）足球守门员（18 ± 15 岁，75 ± 12 公斤）和 25 名年龄匹配的非运动员（18 ± 12 岁，75 ± 15 公斤）在双力平台上练习侧向重心转移，同时跟踪恒定（11 名守门员和 12 名非运动员）或变速（10 名守门员和 13 名非运动员）视觉目标的运动，提供在线视觉反馈（VF）。在跟踪 40 秒（基线）后，VF 信号的视觉呈现相对于参与者的运动（180°视动旋转）反转方向 60 秒（适应），然后再返回其真实方向 20 秒（冲洗）。在适应期间，守门员比非运动员更早地将时空误差减少到基线水平（第 3 个块），但这种差异仅在跟踪恒速而不是变速目标运动的组中才有意义。只有跟踪恒速目标的组在第 1 个冲洗块中增加了时空误差，表现出明显的后效。结论是，由于守门员在预期欺骗性视觉线索之前具有相关视动转换的现场知识，因此他们能够更快地适应反馈旋转。然而，这种专业优势仅在稳定的视觉环境中存在，因为在跟踪需要闭环控制的不确定运动线索时，学习会受到影响。
