Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Apr 21;130(16):161801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161801.
This Letter presents the first simultaneous measurement of the quasielasticlike neutrino-nucleus cross sections on C, water, Fe, Pb, and scintillator (hydrocarbon or CH) as a function of longitudinal and transverse muon momentum. The ratio of cross sections per nucleon between Pb and CH is always above unity and has a characteristic shape as a function of transverse muon momentum that evolves slowly as a function of longitudinal muon momentum. The ratio is constant versus longitudinal momentum within uncertainties above a longitudinal momentum of 4.5 GeV/c. The cross section ratios to CH for C, water, and Fe remain roughly constant with increasing longitudinal momentum, and the ratios between water or C to CH do not have any significant deviation from unity. Both the overall cross section level and the shape for Pb and Fe as a function of transverse muon momentum are not reproduced by current neutrino event generators. These measurements provide a direct test of nuclear effects in quasielasticlike interactions, which are major contributors to long-baseline neutrino oscillation data samples.
这封信提出了首次同时测量 C、水、Fe、Pb 和闪烁体（碳氢化合物或 CH）中类似于中微子-核的横向和纵向μ子动量的准弹性 cross section。相对于 CH，Pb 的 cross section per nucleon 比值始终高于 1，并且具有作为横向μ子动量函数的特征形状，该形状随纵向μ子动量缓慢演变。在纵向动量超过 4.5 GeV/c 时，该比值在不确定性范围内与纵向动量成正比。对于 C、水和 Fe，相对于 CH 的 cross section 比值随纵向动量的增加大致保持不变，而水或 C 相对于 CH 的比值没有明显偏离 1。目前的中微子事件生成器都无法再现 Pb 和 Fe 的 cross section 比值随横向μ子动量的整体水平和形状。这些测量为类似于中微子的相互作用中的核效应提供了直接的检验，这些效应是长基线中微子振荡数据样本的主要贡献者。
