Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36 EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Apr 21;130(16):163601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.163601.
While dissipative Rydberg gases exhibit unique possibilities to tune dissipation and interaction properties, very little is known about the quantum many-body physics of such long-range interacting open quantum systems. We theoretically analyze the steady state of a van der Waals interacting Rydberg gas in an optical lattice based on a variational treatment that also includes long-range correlations necessary to describe the physics of the Rydberg blockade, i.e., the inhibition of neighboring Rydberg excitations by strong interactions. In contrast to the ground state phase diagram, we find that the steady state undergoes a single first order phase transition from a blockaded Rydberg gas to a facilitation phase where the blockade is lifted. The first order line terminates in a critical point when including sufficiently strong dephasing, enabling a highly promising route to study dissipative criticality in these systems. In some regimes, we also find good quantitative agreement of the phase boundaries with previously employed short-range models, however, with the actual steady states exhibiting strikingly different behavior.
虽然耗散里德堡气体表现出了独特的调控耗散和相互作用性质的可能性，但对于这种长程相互作用的开放量子系统的量子多体物理，我们知之甚少。我们基于变分处理理论，对范德瓦尔斯相互作用的里德堡气体在光晶格中的稳态进行了理论分析，该处理还包括了描述里德堡阻塞物理所需的长程相关，即强相互作用抑制相邻里德堡激发。与基态相图相比，我们发现稳态经历了从阻塞里德堡气体到促进相的单一一级相变，其中阻塞被解除。当包括足够强的退相时，一级线在临界点终止，为在这些系统中研究耗散临界性提供了一条很有前途的途径。在某些情况下，我们还发现相边界与之前使用的短程模型有很好的定量一致性，然而，实际的稳态表现出明显不同的行为。
