Amity Institute of Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125 (Gautam Buddha Nagar), Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Emergency Response & Communication Cell, Nagaland State Disaster Management Authority (NSDMA), Home Department, Nagaland Civil Secretariat, Government of Nagaland, Nagaland, 797001, Kohima, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(49):107236-107258. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27418-y. Epub 2023 May 9.
Due to expanding populations and thriving economies, studies into the built environment's thermal characteristics have increased. This research tracks and predicts how land use and land cover (LULC) changes may affect ground temperatures, urban heat islands, and city thermal fields (UTFVI). The current study examines land surface temperature (LST), urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land use land cover (LULC) on a kilometer scale. According to the comparative study, the mean LST decreases by 3 °C and the NDVI increases considerably. Correlation analysis showed that LST and NDVI are inversely connected, while LST and NDBI are positively correlated. NDVI and NDBI have a strong negative association, while LST and UTFVI have a positive correlation. Urban planners and environmentalists can study the LST's effects on land surface parameters in different environmental contexts during the lockout period. The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, in which the land surface qualities of an urban region cause a change in the urban thermal environment, forms and intensifies over an urban area. The minimum and maximum LST in grid number 1 in 2009 was 20.30 °C and 29.91 °C, respectively, with a mean LST of 25.1 °C. There was a decline in the minimum and maximum LST in grid number 1 in 2020 with a minimum and maximum LST of 17.31 °C and 25.35 °C, respectively, with a mean LST of 21.33 °C. There was a 3.8 °C drop in the LST of this grid. The minimum and maximum NDVI were also - 0.16 and 0.59, respectively, with an average NDVI value of 0.21. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate and foresee the impact of LULC change on the thermal environment and examines the connection between LULC shifts with subsequent changes in land surface temperature (LST) along with the UHI phenomenon. Maps of the UTFVI reveal positive UHI phenomena, with the highest UTFVI zones occurring over the developed area and none over the adjacent rural territory. During the summer months, the urban area with the strongest UTFVI zone grows noticeably larger than it does during the winter months during the forecasted years. Future policymakers and city planners can mitigate the effects of heat stress and create more sustainable urban environments by evaluating the expected distribution maps of LULC, LST, UHI, and UTFVI.
由于人口增长和经济繁荣，对建筑环境热特性的研究有所增加。本研究跟踪和预测土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化如何影响地面温度、城市热岛和城市热场（UTFVI）。本研究在一公里尺度上研究了地表温度（LST）、城市热场方差指数（UTFVI）、归一化差异建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）和土地利用/土地覆盖。根据比较研究，平均 LST 下降了 3°C，NDVI 显著增加。相关分析表明，LST 和 NDVI 呈负相关，而 LST 和 NDBI 呈正相关。NDVI 和 NDBI 呈强负相关，而 LST 和 UTFVI 呈正相关。在封锁期间，城市规划者和环保主义者可以研究 LST 对不同环境背景下土地表面参数的影响。城市热岛（UHI）现象是指城市区域的土地表面质量导致城市热环境发生变化，并在城市地区形成和加剧。2009 年网格 1 中的最小和最大 LST 分别为 20.30°C 和 29.91°C，平均 LST 为 25.1°C。2020 年网格 1 中的最小和最大 LST 分别下降至 17.31°C 和 25.35°C，平均 LST 为 21.33°C。该网格的 LST 下降了 3.8°C。最小和最大 NDVI 分别为-0.16 和 0.59，平均 NDVI 值为 0.21。因此，评估和预测 LULC 变化对热环境的影响并研究 LULC 变化与随后的土地表面温度（LST）变化与 UHI 现象之间的关系至关重要。UTFVI 图显示了正的 UHI 现象，最高的 UTFVI 区域出现在发达地区，而相邻的农村地区则没有。在预测年份的夏季，具有最强 UTFVI 区域的城市区域明显比冬季更大。未来的政策制定者和城市规划者可以通过评估 LULC、LST、UHI 和 UTFVI 的预期分布地图来减轻热应激的影响，并创建更可持续的城市环境。
