Phenotypic and genotypic (exon 28) characterization of patients diagnosed with von Willebrand disease type 1 in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a plasma glycoprotein that plays a key role in hemostasis. Mutations in this protein can result in von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common form of bleeding disorder in humans. Patients with type 1 VWD have a quantitative plasmatic deficiency of normal structural and functional VWF. Our study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of VWD type 1 patients in eastern Saudi Arabia, focusing on exon 28. We included patients previously diagnosed with WWD type 1 at the King Fahad teaching hospital in Al Khobar and their family members. The correlations between various phenotypic data and genotypic (exon 28) were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS) version 21. While these variants were generally considered benign with minor clinical effects, our analysis did identify two pathogenic variants that could lead to severe VWD symptoms. Specifically, we found these two pathogenic variants in three VWD patients from Saudi Arabia, providing essential insights into pathogenic VWD mutations in this population. Our study, therefore, sheds light on the prevalence of VWF variants in the eastern province of the Kingdom and highlights the need for continued research into the genetic causes of VWD in this region.