Piesiur-Strehlow B, Strehlow U, Poser W
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1986 Mar;73(3):330-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02693.x.
For patients dependent on benzodiazepines alone, or in combination with alcohol and/or other legal and illegal drugs, observed mortality rates were compared with the average population, and, in cases of isolated benzodiazepine dependence, also with a control group of non-dependent patients chosen to match each dependent not only in sex and date of birth, but also in pre-existing psychiatric illness besides dependence. For patients with an isolated benzodiazepine dependence, the mortality rate was increased, when compared with the average population, by a ratio of observed to expected numbers of deaths of about 3. However, this mortality rate did not differ from that of the control group (non-dependent patients with comparable psychiatric illnesses). For patients combining benzodiazepines with alcohol among other addictive drugs, and for patients combining benzodiazepines with illegal drugs among other addictive substances, the ratio of observed to excepted numbers of deaths was 6.2 resp. 21, thus corresponding well with other studies on mortality rates associated with alcoholism and dependence on illegal drugs. We conclude that our study does not give evidence of higher risk of early death correlated with dependence on benzodiazepines alone. However, it confirms the well-known fact of increased mortality rates in patients with psychiatric illnesses, especially with dependence on alcohol or illegal drugs.
对于仅依赖苯二氮䓬类药物，或同时使用酒精和/或其他合法及非法药物的患者，将观察到的死亡率与普通人群进行比较。对于单纯苯二氮䓬类药物依赖的患者，还与一组非依赖患者组成的对照组进行比较，这些非依赖患者不仅在性别和出生日期上与每个依赖患者匹配，而且除了依赖之外，在既往精神疾病方面也相匹配。对于单纯苯二氮䓬类药物依赖的患者，与普通人群相比，观察到的死亡人数与预期死亡人数之比约为3，死亡率有所增加。然而，这一死亡率与对照组（患有类似精神疾病的非依赖患者）并无差异。对于同时使用苯二氮䓬类药物和酒精以及其他成瘾药物的患者，以及同时使用苯二氮䓬类药物和非法药物以及其他成瘾物质的患者，观察到的死亡人数与预期死亡人数之比分别为6.2和21，因此与其他关于酗酒和非法药物依赖相关死亡率的研究结果相符。我们得出结论，我们的研究没有证据表明单纯依赖苯二氮䓬类药物会增加早死风险。然而，它证实了一个众所周知的事实，即患有精神疾病的患者，尤其是依赖酒精或非法药物的患者，死亡率会增加。
