Dai Lu, Shen Kai-Feng, Zhang Chun-Qing
Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Histol Histopathol. 2023 Nov;38(11):1239-1248. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-625. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Plexins are a large family of single-pass transmembrane proteins that mediate semaphorin signaling in multiple systems. Plexins were originally characterized for their role modulating cytoskeletal activity to regulate axon guidance during nervous system development. Thereafter, different semaphorin-plexin complexes were identified in the nervous system that have diverse functions in neurons, astrocytes, glia, oligodendrocytes, and brain derived-tumor cells, providing unexpected but meaningful insights into the biological activities of this protein family. Here, we review the overall structure and relevant downstream signaling cascades of plexins. We consider the current knowledge regarding the function of semaphorin-plexin cascades in the nervous system, including the most recent data regarding their roles in neuronal development, neuroinflammation, and glioma.
丛状蛋白是一类单次跨膜蛋白的大家族，在多个系统中介导信号素信号传导。丛状蛋白最初因其在神经系统发育过程中调节细胞骨架活性以调控轴突导向的作用而被鉴定。此后，在神经系统中鉴定出了不同的信号素 - 丛状蛋白复合物，它们在神经元、星形胶质细胞、神经胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和脑源性肿瘤细胞中具有多种功能，为这个蛋白质家族的生物学活性提供了意想不到但有意义的见解。在这里，我们综述丛状蛋白的整体结构和相关的下游信号级联反应。我们考虑了关于信号素 - 丛状蛋白级联反应在神经系统中的功能的现有知识，包括关于它们在神经元发育、神经炎症和神经胶质瘤中作用的最新数据。
