Boy Francisco Ramiro, Casquete Rocío, Gudiño Iris, Merchán Almudena V, Peromingo Belén, Benito María José
Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. de la Investigación, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Foods. 2023 Apr 27;12(9):1821. doi: 10.3390/foods12091821.
This study identified the compounds obtained from four native Dehesa plants, which were holm oak, elm, blackberry and white rockrose, and evaluated their ability to inhibit the growth and production of aflatoxins B and B of two strains of mycotoxigenic . For this purpose, phenolic compounds present in the leaves and flowers of the plants were extracted and identified, and subsequently, the effect on the growth of , aflatoxin production and the expression of a gene related to its synthesis were studied. was the plant with the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, followed by . Phenolic acids and flavonoids were mainly identified, and there was great variability among plant extracts in terms of the type and quantity of compounds. Concentrated and diluted extracts were used for each individual plant. The influence on mold growth was not very significant for any of the extracts. However, those obtained from plants of the genus , followed by sp., were very useful for inhibiting the production of aflatoxin B and B produced by the two strains of . Expression studies of the gene involved in the aflatoxin synthesis pathway did not prove to be effective. The results indicated that using these new natural antifungal compounds from the Dehesa for aflatoxin production inhibition would be desirable, promoting respect for the environment by avoiding the use of chemical fungicides. However, further studies are needed to determine whether the specific phenolic compounds responsible for the antifungal activity of and sp. produce the antifungal activity in pure form, as well as to verify the action mechanism of these compounds.
本研究鉴定了从四种当地德埃萨植物中获得的化合物，这些植物分别是圣栎、榆树、黑莓和白蔷薇，并评估了它们抑制两种产毒霉菌菌株黄曲霉毒素B和B生长及产生的能力。为此，提取并鉴定了植物叶片和花朵中存在的酚类化合物，随后研究了其对霉菌生长、黄曲霉毒素产生以及与其合成相关基因表达的影响。圣栎是酚类化合物浓度最高的植物，其次是榆树。主要鉴定出了酚酸和黄酮类化合物，植物提取物在化合物类型和数量方面存在很大差异。对每种植物都使用了浓缩和稀释提取物。对于任何一种提取物，其对霉菌生长的影响都不是很显著。然而，从刺芹属植物中获得的提取物，其次是刺芹属的某种植物，对于抑制两种霉菌菌株产生黄曲霉毒素B和B非常有效。对黄曲霉毒素合成途径中相关基因的表达研究并未证明是有效的。结果表明，使用这些来自德埃萨的新型天然抗真菌化合物来抑制黄曲霉毒素的产生是可取的，通过避免使用化学杀菌剂来促进对环境的尊重。然而，需要进一步研究来确定负责刺芹属植物和刺芹属某种植物抗真菌活性的特定酚类化合物是否以纯形式产生抗真菌活性，以及验证这些化合物的作用机制。
