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运动中的药物成瘾和疼痛管理中阿片受体的分子和表观遗传方面

Molecular and Epigenetic Aspects of Opioid Receptors in Drug Addiction and Pain Management in Sport.

机构信息

Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy.

Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 25;24(9):7831. doi: 10.3390/ijms24097831.

Abstract

Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a gummy latex extracted from . The use of opioids and their negative health consequences among people who use drugs have been studied. Today, opioids are still the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but their use and abuse causes detrimental side effects for health, including addiction, thus impacting the user's quality of life and causing overdose. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry represents the brain circuit mediating both natural rewards and the rewarding aspects of nearly all drugs of abuse, including opioids. Hence, understanding how opioids affect the function of dopaminergic circuitry may be useful for better knowledge of the process and to develop effective therapeutic strategies in addiction. The aim of this review was to summarize the main features of opioids and opioid receptors and focus on the molecular and upcoming epigenetic mechanisms leading to opioid addiction. Since synthetic opioids can be effective for pain management, their ability to induce addiction in athletes, with the risk of incurring doping, is also discussed.

摘要

阿片类药物是从鸦片(天然阿片类药物)中提取的物质。生鸦片是一种从罂粟中提取的粘性乳胶。人们对阿片类药物的使用及其在吸毒者中的不良健康后果进行了研究。如今,阿片类药物仍然是治疗严重疼痛最常用和最有效的镇痛药,但它们的使用和滥用会对健康产生有害的副作用,包括成瘾,从而影响使用者的生活质量并导致过量用药。中脑边缘多巴胺能电路代表了介导自然奖赏和几乎所有滥用药物(包括阿片类药物)奖赏方面的大脑回路。因此,了解阿片类药物如何影响多巴胺能电路的功能可能有助于更好地了解这一过程,并制定有效的成瘾治疗策略。本综述的目的是总结阿片类药物和阿片类受体的主要特征,并重点介绍导致阿片类药物成瘾的分子和新兴表观遗传机制。由于合成阿片类药物可以有效地治疗疼痛,因此还讨论了它们在运动员中引起成瘾的能力,以及由此带来的兴奋剂风险。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9379/10178540/6e27602e9ee0/ijms-24-07831-g001.jpg

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