环状 RNA：特征、细胞作用及应用。

Circular RNAs: Characterization, cellular roles, and applications.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.

出版信息

Cell. 2022 Jun 9;185(12):2016-2034. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.021. Epub 2022 May 17.

DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.021

PMID:35584701

Abstract

Most circular RNAs are produced from the back-splicing of exons of precursor mRNAs. Recent technological advances have in part overcome problems with their circular conformation and sequence overlap with linear cognate mRNAs, allowing a better understanding of their cellular roles. Depending on their localization and specific interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins, circular RNAs can modulate transcription and splicing, regulate stability and translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs, interfere with signaling pathways, and serve as templates for translation in different biological and pathophysiological contexts. Emerging applications of RNA circles to interfere with cellular processes, modulate immune responses, and direct translation into proteins shed new light on biomedical research. In this review, we discuss approaches used in circular RNA studies and the current understanding of their regulatory roles and potential applications.

摘要

大多数环状 RNA 是由前体 mRNA 外显子的反向剪接产生的。最近的技术进步在一定程度上克服了它们的环状构象和与线性同源 mRNA 序列重叠的问题，使人们能够更好地理解它们在细胞中的作用。根据其定位以及与 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质的特定相互作用，环状 RNA 可以调节转录和剪接，调节细胞质 mRNA 的稳定性和翻译，干扰信号通路，并作为不同生物学和病理生理学背景下翻译的模板。环状 RNA 在干扰细胞过程、调节免疫反应和指导蛋白质翻译方面的新兴应用为生物医学研究带来了新的曙光。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了环状 RNA 研究中使用的方法以及对其调节作用和潜在应用的现有认识。