Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(28):72607-72616. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27368-5. Epub 2023 May 13.
Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with increased rates of mortality and morbidity and a shorter life expectancy. Few studies have evaluated the associations between air pollution and change in calcaneus ultrasound T-score (∆T-score). Therefore, in this longitudinal study, we explored these associations in a large group of Taiwanese participants. We used data from the Taiwan Biobank database and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database, which contains detailed daily data on air pollution. We identified 27,033 participants in the Taiwan Biobank database who had both baseline and follow-up data. The median follow-up period was 4 years. The studied ambient air pollutants included particulates of 2.5 μm or less (PM), particulates of 10 μm or less (PM), ozone (O), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and nitrogen oxide (NO). Multivariable analysis showed that PM (β, -0.003; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.004 to -0.001; p < 0.001), PM (β, -0.005; 95% CI, -0.006 to -0.004, p < 0.001), O (β, -0.008; 95% CI, -0.011 to -0.004; p < 0.001), and SO (β, -0.036; 95% CI, -0.052 to -0.020; p < 0.001) were negatively associated with ∆T-score, and that CO (β, 0.344; 95% CI, 0.254, 0.433; p < 0.001), NO (β, 0.011; 95% CI, 0.008 to 0.015; p < 0.001), NO (β, 0.011; 95% CI, 0.008 to 0.014; p < 0.001), and NO (β, 0.007; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.009; p < 0.001) were positively significantly associated with ∆T-score. Furthermore, PM and SO (β, -0.014; 95% CI, -0.016 to -0.013; p < 0.001) and PM and SO (β, -0.008; 95% CI, -0.009 to -0.007; p < 0.001) had synergistic negative effects on ∆T-score. In conclusion, we found that high PM, PM, O, and SO were associated with a rapid decline in T-score, whereas high CO, NO, NO, and NO were associated with a slow decline in T-score. Furthermore, PM and SO and PM and SO had synergistic negative effects on ∆T-score, causing an acceleration in T-score decline. These findings may be helpful when developing policies on air pollution regulation.
暴露于环境空气中的污染物与更高的死亡率和发病率以及更短的预期寿命有关。很少有研究评估空气污染与跟骨超声 T 评分变化（∆T 评分）之间的关系。因此，在这项纵向研究中，我们在一大群台湾参与者中探索了这些关联。我们使用了来自台湾生物银行数据库和台湾空气质量监测数据库的数据，其中包含有关空气污染的详细每日数据。我们从台湾生物银行数据库中确定了 27,033 名具有基线和随访数据的参与者。中位随访时间为 4 年。所研究的环境空气污染物包括 2.5 µm 或以下的颗粒物（PM）、10 µm 或以下的颗粒物（PM）、臭氧（O）、一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化硫（SO）、一氧化氮（NO）、二氧化氮（NO）和氮氧化物（NO）。多变量分析显示，PM（β，-0.003；95%置信区间（CI），-0.004 至-0.001；p<0.001）、PM（β，-0.005；95%CI，-0.006 至-0.004；p<0.001）、O（β，-0.008；95%CI，-0.011 至-0.004；p<0.001）和 SO（β，-0.036；95%CI，-0.052 至-0.020；p<0.001）与 ∆T 评分呈负相关，而 CO（β，0.344；95%CI，0.254 至 0.433；p<0.001）、NO（β，0.011；95%CI，0.008 至 0.015；p<0.001）、NO（β，0.011；95%CI，0.008 至 0.014；p<0.001）和 NO（β，0.007；95%CI，0.005 至 0.009；p<0.001）与 ∆T 评分呈正显著相关。此外，PM 和 SO（β，-0.014；95%CI，-0.016 至-0.013；p<0.001）和 PM 和 SO（β，-0.008；95%CI，-0.009 至-0.007；p<0.001）对 ∆T 评分有协同的负效应。总之，我们发现高 PM、PM、O 和 SO 与 T 评分的快速下降有关，而高 CO、NO、NO 和 NO 与 T 评分的缓慢下降有关。此外，PM 和 SO 和 PM 和 SO 对 ∆T 评分有协同的负效应，导致 T 评分下降加速。这些发现可能有助于制定空气污染监管政策。
