Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2023 Jun;25(6):255-262. doi: 10.1007/s11920-023-01423-x. Epub 2023 May 13.
We review recent research on the epidemiology and etiology of suicide in the global context. We focus on data from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with the goal of highlighting findings from these under-researched, over-burdened settings.
Prevalence of suicide in LMIC adults varies across region and country income-level, but is, on average, lower than in high-income countries. Recent gains in suicide reduction, however, have been smaller in LMIC compared to global rates. LMIC youth have much higher rates of suicide attempts than youth from high-income countries. Females as well as people with psychiatric disorders, those living with HIV, those who are LGBTQ + , and those with poor socioeconomic status are highly vulnerable populations in LMIC. Limited and low-quality data from LMIC hinder clear interpretation and comparison of results. A greater body of more rigorous research is needed to understand and prevent suicide in these settings.
我们回顾了全球范围内自杀的流行病学和病因学的最新研究。我们重点关注来自中低收入国家（LMIC）的数据，旨在强调这些研究不足、负担过重地区的发现。
LMIC 成年人的自杀率因地区和国家收入水平而异，但平均低于高收入国家。然而，与全球水平相比，LMIC 的自杀率下降幅度较小。LMIC 的青少年自杀未遂率远高于高收入国家的青少年。女性以及有精神障碍、感染艾滋病毒、LGBTQ+和社会经济地位差的人是 LMIC 中的高危人群。来自 LMIC 的有限且低质量的数据阻碍了对结果的清晰解释和比较。需要更多更严格的研究来了解和预防这些环境中的自杀行为。
