Calcium signaling in lysosome-dependent cell death.

Calcium is a crucial messenger of intracellular and extracellular signals, regulating a great variety of cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. Inside the cell, calcium signaling is one of the main interorganelle communication mediators, with central functional roles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, and lysosomes. Lysosomal function is highly dependent on lumenal calcium and most of the lysosomal membrane-localised ion channels regulate several lysosomal functions and properties such as lumenal pH. One of these functions configures a specific type of cell death involving lysosomes, named lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), which contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis, development and pathology when deregulated. Here, we cover the fundamental aspects of LDCD with a special focus on recent advances in calcium signaling in LDCD.