Dong Erqian, Cao Peizheng, Zhang Jinhu, Zhang Sai, Fang Nicholas X, Zhang Yu
Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2022 Nov 3;10(6):nwac246. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac246. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Acoustic metamaterials have been widely investigated over the past few decades and have realized acoustic parameters that are not achievable using conventional materials. After demonstrating that locally resonant acoustic metamaterials are capable of acting as subwavelength unit cells, researchers have evaluated the possibility of breaking the classical limitations of the material mass density and bulk modulus. Combined with theoretical analysis, additive manufacturing and engineering applications, acoustic metamaterials have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities, including negative refraction, cloaking, beam formation and super-resolution imaging. Owing to the complexity of impedance boundaries and mode transitions, there are still challenges in freely manipulating acoustic propagation in an underwater environment. This review summarizes the developments in underwater acoustic metamaterials over the past 20 years, which include underwater acoustic invisibility cloaking, underwater beam formation, underwater metasurfaces and phase engineering, underwater topological acoustics and underwater acoustic metamaterial absorbers. With the evolution of underwater metamaterials and the timeline of scientific advances, underwater acoustic metamaterials have demonstrated exciting applications in underwater resource development, target recognition, imaging, noise reduction, navigation and communication.
在过去几十年里，声学超材料受到了广泛研究，并实现了一些传统材料无法达到的声学参数。在证明局部共振声学超材料能够作为亚波长单元胞之后，研究人员评估了突破材料质量密度和体积模量经典限制的可能性。结合理论分析、增材制造和工程应用，声学超材料展现出了非凡的能力，包括负折射、隐身、波束形成和超分辨率成像。由于阻抗边界和模式转换的复杂性，在水下环境中自由操控声波传播仍面临挑战。本综述总结了过去20年水下声学超材料的发展情况，包括水下声学隐身、水下波束形成、水下超表面与相位工程、水下拓扑声学以及水下声学超材料吸声器。随着水下超材料的发展以及科学进步的时间线推移，水下声学超材料在水下资源开发、目标识别、成像、降噪、导航和通信等方面展现出了令人兴奋的应用前景。
