Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Aug 1;330:121815. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121815. Epub 2023 May 12.
The Fenwei Plain (FWP) in central China is the fourth largest plain nationwide. This region has experienced severe air pollution during the past decades, largely due to residential solid fuel burning. A regional-scale emission inventory covering multi-pollutants was currently unavailable for this area due to the lack of localized emission factors (EFs) from various sources. In this study, localized EFs derived from previous in situ measurements and detailed county-level activity data were used to develop an emission inventory of particulate and gaseous pollutants for the source sector of five residential solid fuels in the FWP in 2020. Emissions of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were estimated to be 230-290, 89-160, 20-29, 31-54, 0.93-22, 2100-3600, 64-87, 9.3-12, and 45-92 Gg/yr, respectively. The county-level distribution characteristics differed between pollutant species due to their different EFs and consumption patterns of solid fuels. Shouyang County emitted most for all pollutants (2.66%-4.91% of the region total) except PM and SO, for which Xiangfen and Hongtong County emitted the most (2.64% and 2.90%), respectively. Emissions were higher in cold (SO during November to January, other pollutants during November to February) than warm months. Uncertainties in this newly developed emission inventory were estimated to be 25.2%-69.8%, much lower than those of existing ones, demonstrating the reliability of this inventory. Gini coefficients indicated that EC, PAHs, NOx, and VOC emissions exhibited evident regional disparities, e.g., Yuncheng and Jinzhong had high pollution levels despite low economic output. Future emission control policies should first focus on developing regions with high pollution in FWP.
中国中部的汾渭平原（FWP）是全国第四大平原。在过去几十年中，由于居民使用固体燃料，该地区经历了严重的空气污染。由于缺乏来自各种来源的本地化排放因子（EFs），该地区目前还没有一个区域性规模的多污染物排放清单。在这项研究中，利用先前的现场测量和详细的县级活动数据得出的本地化 EF，开发了 2020 年 FWP 五种居民固体燃料源部门的颗粒物和气体污染物排放清单。估计 PM2.5、有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）、离子、多环芳烃（PAHs）、一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOx）、二氧化硫（SO）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放量分别为 230-290、89-160、20-29、31-54、0.93-22、2100-3600、64-87、9.3-12 和 45-92Gg/yr。由于不同的 EFs 和固体燃料的消耗模式，污染物种类的县级分布特征存在差异。除 PM 和 SO 外，寿阳县对所有污染物的排放量最大（占该地区总量的 2.66%-4.91%），而相汾和洪洞县对 PM 和 SO 的排放量最大（分别为 2.64%和 2.90%）。寒冷月份（11 月至 1 月的 SO 及 11 月至 2 月的其他污染物）的排放量高于温暖月份。该新开发的排放清单的不确定性估计为 25.2%-69.8%，远低于现有清单，表明该清单具有可靠性。基尼系数表明，EC、PAHs、NOx 和 VOC 的排放量存在明显的区域差异，例如，尽管经济产出较低，但运城市和晋中市的污染水平较高。未来的排放控制政策应首先关注 FWP 污染水平高的发展中地区。
