Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Aug 1;313:120897. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120897. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
3D printing has been recently recognized as one of the most promising technologies due to the multiple options to fabricate cost-effective and customizable objects. However, the necessity to substitute fossil fuels as raw materials is increasing the research on bio-based inks with recyclable and eco-friendly properties. In this work, we formulated inks for the 3D printing of ionogels and hydrogels with bleached kraft pulp dissolved in [Emim][DMP] at different concentrations (1-4 wt%). We explored each ink's rheological properties and printability and compared the printability parameters with a commercial ink. The rheological results showed that the 3 % and 4 % cellulose-ionic liquid inks exhibited the best properties. Both had values of damping factor between 0.4 and 0.7 and values of yield stress between 1900 and 2500 Pa. Analyzing the printability, the 4 wt% ink was selected as the most promising because the printed ionogels and the hydrogels had the best print resolution and fidelity, similar to the reference ink. After printing, ionogels and hydrogels had values of the elastic modulus (G') between 10 and 10 Pa, and the ionogels are recyclables. Altogether, these 3D printed cellulose ionogels and hydrogels may have an opportunity in the electrochemical and medical fields, respectively.
3D 打印技术由于具有制造具有成本效益和可定制对象的多种选择而最近被认为是最有前途的技术之一。然而，由于需要替代化石燃料作为原材料，因此越来越需要研究具有可回收和环保性能的生物基墨水。在这项工作中，我们用溶解在[Emim][DMP]中的漂白纸浆配制了用于 3D 打印离子凝胶和水凝胶的墨水，浓度为 1-4wt%。我们探索了每种墨水的流变性能和可打印性，并将可打印性参数与商业墨水进行了比较。流变学结果表明，3%和 4%纤维素-离子液体墨水表现出最佳性能。这两种墨水的阻尼因子值都在 0.4 到 0.7 之间，屈服应力值都在 1900 到 2500Pa 之间。在分析可打印性时，选择了 4wt%的墨水作为最有前途的墨水，因为打印出的离子凝胶和水凝胶具有最佳的打印分辨率和保真度，与参考墨水相似。打印后，离子凝胶和水凝胶的弹性模量（G'）值在 10 到 10Pa 之间，且离子凝胶是可回收的。总之，这些 3D 打印纤维素离子凝胶和水凝胶可能分别在电化学和医学领域有机会得到应用。
