Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 May 30;57(21):7913-7923. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08260. Epub 2023 May 15.
Antiviral transformation products (TPs) generated during wastewater treatment are an environmental concern, as their discharge, in considerable amounts, into natural waters during a pandemic can pose possible risks to the aquatic environment. Identification of the hazardous TPs generated from antivirals during wastewater treatment is important. Herein, chloroquine phosphate (CQP), which was widely used during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, was selected for research. We investigated the TPs generated from CQP during water chlorination. Zebrafish () embryos were used to assess the developmental toxicity of CQP after water chlorination, and hazardous TPs were estimated using effect-directed analysis (EDA). Principal component analysis revealed that the developmental toxicity induced by chlorinated samples could be relevant to the formation of some halogenated TPs. Fractionation of the hazardous chlorinated sample, along with the bioassay and chemical analysis, identified halogenated TP387 as the main hazardous TP contributing to the developmental toxicity induced by chlorinated samples. TP387 could also be formed in real wastewater during chlorination in environmentally relevant conditions. This study provides a scientific basis for the further assessment of environmental risks of CQP after water chlorination and describes a method for identifying unknown hazardous TPs generated from pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment.
抗病毒转化产物 (TPs) 在废水处理过程中产生，是一个环境关注点，因为在大流行期间，大量的 TPs 排放到自然水中，可能对水生环境构成潜在风险。识别抗病毒药物在废水处理过程中产生的危险 TPs 很重要。在此，选择广泛用于新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 大流行期间的磷酸氯喹 (CQP) 进行研究。我们研究了水氯化过程中 CQP 产生的 TPs。使用斑马鱼 () 胚胎评估水氯化后 CQP 的发育毒性，并使用效应导向分析 (EDA) 估算危险 TPs。主成分分析表明，氯化样品诱导的发育毒性可能与某些卤化 TPs 的形成有关。危险氯化样品的分级分离，以及生物测定和化学分析，确定卤化 TP387 是导致氯化样品诱导发育毒性的主要危险 TPs。TP387 也可以在实际废水中，在环境相关条件下的氯化过程中形成。本研究为进一步评估水氯化后 CQP 的环境风险提供了科学依据，并描述了一种用于识别废水处理过程中药物产生的未知危险 TPs 的方法。
