Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Commun. 2023 May 16;14(1):2799. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38275-1.
Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody correlates of protection against new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a third/booster vaccination or breakthrough infection following second vaccination in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher antibody levels were associated with increased protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and breakthrough infections were associated with higher levels of protection at any given antibody level than boosters. Breakthrough infections generated similar antibody levels to boosters, and the subsequent antibody declines were slightly slower than after boosters. Together our findings show breakthrough infection provides longer-lasting protection against further infections than booster vaccinations. Our findings, considered alongside the risks of severe infection and long-term consequences of infection, have important implications for vaccine policy.
在初次接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后，加强针或突破性感染对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的保护作用如何尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们研究了 154149 名英国成年人群中，第三次/加强针接种或第二次接种后突破性感染对新的奥密克戎 BA.4/5（再）感染的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体保护相关性，以及抗刺突 IgG 抗体轨迹。更高的抗体水平与对奥密克戎 BA.4/5 感染的保护增加有关，而突破性感染在任何特定抗体水平下的保护作用都高于加强针。突破性感染产生的抗体水平与加强针相似，随后的抗体下降速度略慢于加强针。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，突破性感染提供的针对进一步感染的保护作用比加强针接种更持久。我们的研究结果，结合严重感染的风险和感染的长期后果，对疫苗政策具有重要意义。
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