Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; University Emergency Hospital, Department of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Bucharest, Romania; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Jun;246:154516. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154516. Epub 2023 May 12.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with increasing incidence over the past few decades. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the gold standard for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancies. Nevertheless, this method renders indeterminate results in up to 30% of the cases. Therefore, these patients are often referred to unnecessary surgery to establish the diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, several other ways, such as ultrasonography, elastography, immunohistochemical analysis, genetic testing, and core needle biopsy, have been developed and can be used either in association with or as an alternative to FNA. This review aims to evaluate all these diagnostic tools to determine the most appropriate way of managing thyroid nodules and subsequently improve the selection of cases referred to surgery.
甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，在过去几十年中发病率不断上升。细针穿刺（FNA）活检是甲状腺恶性肿瘤术前诊断的金标准。然而，这种方法在多达 30%的病例中得出不确定的结果。因此，这些患者通常被转介到不必要的手术中以明确诊断。为了提高术前诊断的准确性，已经开发了其他几种方法，如超声、弹性成像、免疫组织化学分析、基因检测和核心针活检，可单独或与 FNA 联合使用。本综述旨在评估所有这些诊断工具，以确定管理甲状腺结节的最佳方法，从而改进转介手术的病例选择。
