Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Clin Ter. 2023 May-Jun;174(3):303-308. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2538.
Although there are many different definitions of workplace bullying in the scientific literature, it can be defined as a form of psychological and relational violence conducted systematically and continuously by one or more individuals, towards another individual, with the aim of causing him physical and mental harm and exclude him from the workplace. The elements common to all definitions are the work context, the duration for at least six months, the frequency of bullying actions, which must occur at least once a week, the evolution in phases and the power differential between aggressor and victim. The purpose of this article is not only to provide the most important definitions of workplace bullying and to identify the common elements, but also to report the most recent findings concerning gender and personality differences of both victim and aggressor, to report the most investigated professional sectors, to describe the causes and the consequences on both the worker and the organization and to present the legislative framework. Workplace bullying can be considered an emerging public health problem that requires preventive interventions. Secondary and tertiary prevention interventions are important, but the aim is to prevent the phenomenon when it has not yet developed. Primary prevention interventions promote a healthy work environment that reduces the development of work-related violence, including workplace bullying.
尽管科学文献中有许多不同的工作场所欺凌定义，但它可以被定义为一种由一个或多个人系统地、持续地对另一个人实施的心理和关系暴力，目的是造成他身心伤害，并将他排斥在工作场所之外。所有定义的共同要素是工作背景、至少六个月的持续时间、欺凌行为的频率，必须每周至少发生一次、分阶段演变和侵略者与受害者之间的权力差异。本文的目的不仅是提供工作场所欺凌的最重要定义，并确定共同要素，还报告关于受害者和侵略者的性别和个性差异的最新发现，报告调查最多的专业领域，描述对工人和组织的原因和后果，并介绍立法框架。工作场所欺凌可以被视为一个新出现的公共卫生问题，需要预防干预。二级和三级预防干预很重要，但目标是在现象尚未发展时加以预防。初级预防干预措施促进健康的工作环境，减少与工作相关的暴力，包括工作场所欺凌的发生。
