Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2023 Aug;58:101055. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101055. Epub 2023 May 16.
Exposure to cold causes insects to enter a chill coma at species-specific temperatures and such temperature sensitivity contributes to geographic distribution and phenology. Coma results from abrupt spreading depolarization (SD) of neural tissue in the integrative centers of the central nervous system (CNS). SD abolishes neuronal signaling and the operation of neural circuits, like an off switch for the CNS. Turning off the CNS by allowing ion gradients to collapse will conserve energy and may offset negative consequences of temporary immobility. SD is modified by prior experience via rapid cold hardening (RCH) or cold acclimation that alter properties of K channels, Na/K-ATPase, and Na/K/2Cl cotransporter. The stress hormone octopamine mediates RCH. Future progress depends on developing a more complete understanding of ion homeostasis in and of the insect CNS.
暴露于寒冷会导致昆虫在特定物种温度下进入冷昏迷状态，这种温度敏感性有助于地理分布和物候学。昏迷是由于中枢神经系统（CNS）整合中心的神经组织突然扩散去极化（SD）引起的。SD 会破坏神经元信号传递和神经网络的运作，就像中枢神经系统的关闭开关。通过允许离子梯度崩溃来关闭 CNS 可以节省能量，并可能抵消暂时不动的负面影响。SD 可以通过先前的经验进行修改，例如快速冷驯化（RCH）或冷驯化，这会改变 K 通道、Na/K-ATP 酶和 Na/K/2Cl 共转运体的特性。应激激素章鱼胺介导 RCH。未来的进展取决于对昆虫中枢神经系统内和中枢神经系统离子动态平衡的更全面理解。
