Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 1;889:164170. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164170. Epub 2023 May 16.
Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT), and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances pose a threat to the water cycle but are often not covered in conventional environmental monitoring programs. Within this realm of substances, one compound class of concern are pesticides and their transformation products as they are deliberately introduced into the environment. To detect very polar anionic substances, including many pesticide transformation products with log D values ranging between -7.4 and 2.2, an ion chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed in this study. Since inorganic anions, such as chloride and sulfate, interfere with the analysis of organic species, their removal via precipitation with Ba/Ag/H cartridges was assessed. To improve LOQs, vacuum-assisted evaporative concentration (VEC) was evaluated. By using VEC and removing inorganic salt ions, the median LOQ improved from 100 ng/L in evian® water without sample treatment to 10 ng/L after enrichment and 30 ng/L in karst groundwater. Using this method, twelve out of 64 substances covered by the final method were found in karst groundwater in concentrations of up to 5600 ng/L, and seven exceeded 100 ng/L. To the authors' knowledge, the dimethenamid TP M31 and chlorothalonil TP SYN548008 were detected for the first time in groundwater samples. The coupling to a high-resolution mass spectrometer also allows for non-target screening and hence, this method presents a powerful tool to tackle PMT/vPvM substances.
持久性、迁移性和毒性（PMT）以及高持久性、高迁移性（vPvM）物质对水生态系统构成了威胁，但它们通常不在常规环境监测项目的覆盖范围内。在这些物质中，一类值得关注的化合物是农药及其转化产物，因为它们是被故意引入环境中的。为了检测非常极性的阴离子物质，包括许多 log D 值在-7.4 至 2.2 之间的农药转化产物，本研究开发了一种离子色谱-高分辨质谱法。由于氯化物和硫酸盐等无机阴离子会干扰对有机物质的分析，因此评估了使用 Ba/Ag/H 柱沉淀去除它们的方法。为了提高 LOQ，还评估了真空辅助蒸发浓缩（VEC）。通过使用 VEC 和去除无机盐离子，在未经样品处理的依云水中，LOQ 从中位数 100ng/L 提高到浓缩后的 10ng/L 和岩溶地下水中的 30ng/L。使用该方法，在岩溶地下水中发现了 64 种目标物质中的 12 种，浓度高达 5600ng/L，其中 7 种超过 100ng/L。据作者所知，二甲噻草胺 TP M31 和百菌清 TP SYN548008 是首次在地下水样本中被检测到。与高分辨质谱仪的耦合还允许进行非靶向筛选，因此，该方法为处理 PMT/vPvM 物质提供了一个强大的工具。
