NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 25;888:164259. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164259. Epub 2023 May 16.
Sugarcane is one of the main monocultures in Brazil and widely uses herbicide 2,4-D and fipronil insecticide. In addition, vinasse can be mentioned as it is widely used in this plantation. These compounds occurring simultaneously in the aquatic environment can potentiate the deleterious effects on organisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the composition, abundance and ecological indices of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, as well as its ability to reestablish itself considering environmental contamination by the pesticides Regent® 800WG (active ingredient - a.i. fipronil) (F) and DMA® 806BR (a.i. 2,4-D) (D) and vinasse (V), alone and in mixtures: pesticides - M and the three contaminants - MV. The study was conducted using open-air mesocosms. The macroinvertebrate community was monitored by colonization structures, the physical-chemical parameters, metals and pesticides were determined and the effects of contaminants were evaluated over the exposure time in 1, 7, 14, 28, 75 to 150 days. A multiple regression was performed between the water parameters and significant relationships were found between parameters associated with vinasse contamination (pH, total nitrogen, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen) and concentration of fipronil and the ecological variables studied. Over time, changes were observed in the composition of the community. The dominance and richness increased in treatments V and MV. The family Chironomidae and subclass Oligochaeta were more sensitive to the treatment V and MV, while individuals from the families Phoridae, Ephydridae and Sciomyzidae were occasionally found (depending on the experimental time) in these treatments. The insects were sensitive to treatments F and M, disappearing in these mesocosms after contamination, reappearing only after 75 days. The results reveal that sugarcane management practices associated with the use of pesticides and vinasse as fertilizer pose risks to the macroinvertebrate community with consequences for the trophic chains, given its importance in freshwater ecosystems and adjacent terrestrial environments.
甘蔗是巴西的主要单一栽培作物之一，广泛使用除草剂 2,4-D 和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂。此外，还可以提到酒糟，因为它在这种种植园中广泛使用。这些化合物在水生环境中同时存在会增强它们对生物的有害影响。因此，本研究旨在评估底栖大型无脊椎动物群落的组成、丰度和生态指数，以及考虑到农药 Regent® 800WG（有效成分- a.i. 氟虫腈）（F）和 DMA® 806BR（有效成分- a.i. 2,4-D）（D）和酒糟（V）单独和混合物对环境的污染对生物群落的再建立能力：农药-M 和三种污染物-MV。该研究使用露天中尺度模型进行。通过定殖结构监测大型无脊椎动物群落，测定物理化学参数、金属和农药，并在 1、7、14、28、75 至 150 天的暴露时间内评估污染物的影响。对水质参数进行多元回归分析，发现与酒糟污染相关的参数（pH 值、总氮、浊度和溶解氧）与拟除虫菊酯浓度以及所研究的生态变量之间存在显著关系。随着时间的推移，群落的组成发生了变化。在 V 和 MV 处理中，优势度和丰富度增加。摇蚊科和寡毛纲类是对 V 和 MV 处理更敏感的科，而 Phoridae、Ephydridae 和 Sciomyzidae 科的个体偶尔会在这些处理中发现（取决于实验时间）。昆虫对 F 和 M 处理敏感，在污染后这些中尺度模型中消失，仅在 75 天后重新出现。结果表明，与农药和酒糟作为肥料的甘蔗管理实践对大型无脊椎动物群落构成风险，对食物链造成影响，因为它在淡水生态系统及其相邻陆地环境中具有重要性。
