Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(29):74223-74235. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27664-0. Epub 2023 May 19.
The present study aims to assess the ecological risk of chromium [Cr(VI)] in the water and soil of Central Punjab and its natural bioremediation through physids. Members of the genus Physa are cosmopolitan as they are resistant to various pollutants. The snails of the genus Physa were sampled from October through March. Three species, i.e., P. acuta, P. fontinalis, and P. gyrina, were identified. The foot, shell, water, and soil samples were tested for the presence of the hexavalent chromium, using ICP-MS. The maximum mean concentration of chromium in soil was found in GB(R8), i.e., 2.66 ppb. The maximum mean concentration of chromium in water was found in RB(R4), 1.627 ppb. The highest maximum average daily dose (ADD) was found in RB:R6, with a hazard quotient (HQ) of 32.32 and a carcinogenic risk (CR) of approximately 20 in every 100 children as a result of water pollution which is quite similar to RB:R5 showing these are extremely polluted area due to chromium. The pollution level of chromium in soil of Faisalabad is less than zero and safe while water is unsuitable for drinking as the value of water quality index (WQI) is higher than 100. No significant difference among the three species was found regarding bioaccumulation of chromium, in the snail shell and body. Physids play an active role in the bioremediation of soil and water yet may become cancer-causing tablets in the food chains of the region.
本研究旨在评估旁遮普中部水和土壤中铬 [Cr(VI)] 的生态风险，以及通过扁卷螺属原生动物进行自然生物修复。扁卷螺属成员分布广泛，因为它们能抵抗各种污染物。从 10 月到 3 月，采集了扁卷螺属的蜗牛样本。共鉴定出 3 个物种，即 P. acuta、P. fontinalis 和 P. gyrina。使用 ICP-MS 测试了蜗牛足部、壳、水和土壤样本中六价铬的存在情况。在 GB(R8)中发现土壤中铬的最大平均浓度最高，为 2.66 ppb。在 RB(R4)中发现水中铬的最大平均浓度最高，为 1.627 ppb。在 RB:R6 中发现最高的平均日摄入量 (ADD)，其危害系数 (HQ) 为 32.32，由于水污染导致每 100 名儿童中有约 20 名儿童面临致癌风险 (CR)，这与 RB:R5 非常相似，表明这些地区由于铬污染而极其污染。费萨拉巴德土壤中铬的污染水平低于零，是安全的，而水不适合饮用，因为水质指数 (WQI) 的值高于 100。在蜗牛壳和体内，铬的生物积累方面，三种扁卷螺属原生动物之间没有发现显著差异。扁卷螺属原生动物在土壤和水的生物修复中发挥着积极的作用，但在该地区的食物链中可能成为致癌的因素。
